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外國人最想和你聊的名人話題:狄德羅

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2018年08月02日

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 About Diderot 關(guān)于狄德羅

     Denis Diderot was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer. He was a prominent persona during the Enlightenment and is best-known for serving as co-founder and chief editor of and contributor to the Encyclopédie.
     Denis Diderot was born in the eastern Langres and commenced his formal education in the Lycée Louis le Grand. In 1732 he earned a master of arts degree in philosophy. He abandoned the idea of entering the clergy and decided instead to study law. His study of law was shortlived however and in 1734 Diderot decided instead to become a writer. Because of his refusal to enter one of the learned professions, he was disowned by his father, and for the next ten years he lived a rather bohemian existence.
     He studied history and developed a great fear that knowledge would continue to be destroyed by the Christians, who had a one-thousand year's history of destroying libraries, burning books, ripping paintings, smashing marbles, and torturing anyone who voiced an unorthodox thought. To prevent it from happening in the future he produced the Encyclopedie, a history of what was known, and then distributed it world wide. He wrote almost a thousand of its articles, over a 20 year period. The rest were submitted by the scholars of the world including our own Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Rush. It took 35 volumes and a lot of commotion to get it all together.
     Diderot also contributed to literature, notably with Jacques le fataliste et son ma?tre (Jacques the Fatalist and his Master), which emulated Laurence Sterne in challenging conventions regarding novels and their structure and content, while also examining philosophical ideas about free will. Diderot is also known as the author of the dialogue, Le Neveu de Rameau (Rameau's Nephew), upon which many articles and sermons about consumer desire have been based. His articles included many topics of the Enlightenment.
     狄德羅的哲學思想既反映形而上學的思維方式,又夾雜著一些辯證法的因素。1749年發(fā)表的《論盲人書簡》充分表述了無神論思想。這種思想沒有停留在以觸覺為衡量事物存在與否的準則上,深入到了理論思維的領(lǐng)域。
     狄德羅把世界設(shè)想為一個大系統(tǒng),認為其中存在的只有時間、空間與物質(zhì);物質(zhì)本身具有活力,能夠自行運動,不需要它以外的神秘力量參與;運動是物質(zhì)的一種屬性,物質(zhì)與運動不可分割的聯(lián)系造成絢麗多彩的大千世界,這個世界是統(tǒng)一的,統(tǒng)一于物質(zhì);由于物質(zhì)不斷運動,永遠處于變化的過程中,所以新鮮的事物層出不窮;所有的事物都相互聯(lián)系,聯(lián)系與統(tǒng)一具有內(nèi)在的邏輯上的蘊涵關(guān)系。在狄德羅的自然觀中,含有轉(zhuǎn)化的觀念。他肯定自然事物可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化,轉(zhuǎn)化還涉及事物質(zhì)的變化。但狄德羅的自然觀仍然存在形而上學傾向。他把一切變化都歸結(jié)為"純粹數(shù)量增長",把自然中的因素看做是一成不變的,認為由元素組合的事物,通過嬗變而彼此交替,只能形成循環(huán)的局面。




     Denis Diderot was the main editor.
     丹尼斯·狄德羅是主要編纂者。
     In this regard, Diderot's Rameau's Nephew is a success story.
     在這方面,狄德羅的《拉摩的侄兒》是一個成功的范例。
     This shows that Diderot recognized the complexity of the problem.
     這說明狄德羅認識到了問題的復(fù)雜性。
     You may have heard the story of Diderot's robe somewhere along the way.
     也許你曾道聽途說過關(guān)于狄德羅的浴袍的故事。
     Diderot Rameau's Nephew and Diderot live in the era of feudalism, capitalism and the struggle era.
     狄德羅與拉摩的侄兒所生活的時代,是資本主義與封建主義激烈斗爭的時代。
     Diderot was one of the greatest philosophers and writers in the Age of Enlightenment in France.
     狄德羅是法國啟蒙時代偉大的思想家和作家。
     Worth pondering, however, in the confrontation between the two, the sense of fair play and no win Diderot.
     然而值得玩味的是,在二者的交鋒中,扮演公正意識的狄德羅并沒有取得勝利。
     Diderot was determined to express his personal view on art and, in the meantime, try to justify his judgments.
     出于對藝術(shù)的愛好和自身敏銳的哲學思想,狄德羅試圖對藝術(shù)發(fā)表個人的看法,并在實踐中進行檢驗。
     The philosophy ideas of Zhang Zai and Diderot hold an important role in Chinese and Western philosophy history.
     張載和狄德羅的哲學思想在中西哲學史上獨樹一幟。
     In France school teachers are advised to avoid authors deemed offensive to Muslims, including Voltaire and Diderot.
     在法國的學校里,教師們被告知要避免提及令穆斯林反感的作者,包括伏爾泰與狄德羅。
     Something of that idea we still find everywhere, in Diderot, in Voltaire and even in Kant.
     這種想法仍然到處可見,在狄德羅、伏爾泰甚至康德的學說中,都可以找到這種思想的存在。
     I hate Diderot; he is an ideologist, a declaimer, and a revolutionist, a believer in God at bottom.
     我恨狄德羅,他是個空想家,大言不慚,還搞革命,實際上卻信仰上帝。
     He corresponded with Diderot and Rousseau.
     他和狄德羅和盧梭有書信往來。
     Diderot is an enlightenment philosopher.
     狄德羅是一位啟蒙哲學家。
     Diderot said, "when woman is the theme, the pen must be dipped in the rainbow, and the pages must be dried with a butterfly's wing."
     狄德羅說:"當女性是主題時,筆頭需浸滿彩虹,而紙張需用蝴蝶翅膀來擦干。"
     You know: Diderot receives a fabulously luxurious robe, then bit by bit, ends up upgrading every aspect of his life so that everything matches the quality of the new robe.
     你知道,狄德羅收到一件浴袍,出奇地精美華貴,于是他一點點努力,全方位地提升自己的生活品質(zhì),以此來匹配這件新浴袍的質(zhì)地。
     The expression of Diderot is a traditional, good, and for the community at large, especially by the ruling class of the moral sense of recognition.
     狄德羅表達的是一種傳統(tǒng)的、向善的、為社會大多數(shù)人特別是統(tǒng)治階層所認可的道德意識。
     In Rameau's Nephew, Denis Diderot expressed his reflection on Didactic morality through shaping the figure-Rameau's Nephew.
     在《拉摩的侄兒》這部小說中,狄德羅通過對拉摩的侄兒這一形象的塑造,體現(xiàn)了他對啟蒙倫理的反思。




     Mike: Do you know Diderot?
     麥克:你知道狄德羅嗎?
     Daisy: A little, I know he edited the Encyclopedie.
     黛西:一點點,我知道他編寫了《百科全書》。
     Mike: Have you read it?
     麥克:你看過這本書嗎?
     Daisy: Of course not.
     黛西:當然沒有。
     Mike: Do you know his philosophical ideas?
     麥克:你知道他的哲學觀點嗎?
     Daisy: I can't remember, why do you ask about him?
     黛西:我不記得了,你為什么說起他?
     Mike: We have to discuss him in the philosophical class tomorrow.
     麥克:我們明天再在哲學課上討論他。
     Daisy: Have you do some research about him?
     黛西:你對他做了一些研究嗎?
     Mike: Yes I have, but his ideas are too complicated.
     麥克:我查了,但他的想法太復(fù)雜了。
     Daisy: He is a complicated man.
     黛西:他是個復(fù)雜的人。
     Mike: Maybe I'll talk something else about him, like his literature works.
     麥克:我還是說說他別的方面吧,比如說他的文學作品。
     Daisy: He has contributed in various fields, there is a lot to talk about.
     黛西:他在很多領(lǐng)域都有貢獻,可以說的很多。
     Mike: Why these ancient people know so many things?
     麥克:為什么這些古代的人知道這么多?
     Daisy: Yes, that's strange. Maybe we have degenerated.
     黛西:是的,很奇怪。也許我們退化了。
    

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