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外國人最想和你聊的名人話題:讓·雅克·盧梭

所屬教程:常用英語口語

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2018年08月03日

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 About Rousseau 關(guān)于盧梭

     Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a major Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism. His political philosophy heavily influenced the French Revolution, as well as the American Revolution and the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought.
     His novel, émile: or, On Education is a seminal treatise on the education of the whole person for citizenship. His sentimental novel, Julie, ou la nouvelle Hélo?se, was of great importance to the development of pre-romanticism and romanticism in fiction. Rousseau's autobiographical writings: his Confessions, which initiated the modern autobiography, and his Reveries of a Solitary Walker were among the pre-eminent examples of the late 18th-century movement known as the Age of Sensibility, featuring an increasing focus on subjectivity and introspection that has characterized the modern age. His Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and his On the Social Contract are cornerstones in modern political and social thought and make a strong case for democratic government and social empowerment.
     Rousseau also made important contributions to music as a theorist. During the period of the French Revolution, Rousseau was the most popular of the philosophers among members of the Jacobin Club. He was interred as a national hero in the Panthéon in Paris, in 1794, 16 years after his death.
     在哲學(xué)上,盧梭主張感覺是認(rèn)識(shí)的來源,堅(jiān)持"自然神論"的觀點(diǎn);強(qiáng)調(diào)人性本善,信仰高于理性。在社會(huì)觀上,盧梭堅(jiān)持社會(huì)契約論,主張建立資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的"理性王國";主張自由平等,反對(duì)大私有制及其壓迫;提出"天賦人權(quán)說",反對(duì)專制、暴政。在教育上,他主張教育目的是培養(yǎng)自然人;反對(duì)封建教育戕害、輕視兒童,要求提高兒童在教育中的地位;主張改革教育內(nèi)容和方法,順應(yīng)兒童的本性,讓他們的身心自由發(fā)展,反映了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和廣大勞動(dòng)人民從封建專制主義下解放出來的要求。




     Hume and Rousseau would hardly be surprised.
     休姆和盧梭一定會(huì)認(rèn)為這樣的說法不足為奇。
     Rousseau writes Discourse on the Origin of Inequality.
     盧梭寫了《論人類不平等的起源和基礎(chǔ)》。
     Her critique of society is deeper than that of any of her contemporaries except Rousseau.
     除了盧梭,她的社會(huì)學(xué)批評(píng)比她同時(shí)代的其他人深刻得多。
     Rousseau describes it as a general condition of humanity but also that it may never have existed.
     盧梭則形容其為人性的一般狀態(tài),但它或許從未存在過。
     Rousseau tried to recover the divine dimension of nature and set up his social contract theory through it.
     盧梭試圖重新恢復(fù)"自然"的神圣維度,進(jìn)而借之建構(gòu)社會(huì)契約論。
     Based on naturalistic education thoughts, Rousseau explains his views on women in the fifth volume of Emile-On Education.
     盧梭在《愛彌兒--論教育》第五卷中以自然主義教育思想為基礎(chǔ),闡述了他的女子觀。
     Is Rousseau a partisan of the idea of progress?
     盧梭是進(jìn)步概念的擁護(hù)者嗎?
     From Hobbos and Rousseau to Rauls and Nozick, ethics in contract theory has demonstrated its powerful inner tension in modern history.
     從霍布斯、盧梭到羅爾斯、諾齊克,契約論倫理思想可謂在近代以來的歷史之中顯現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)大的內(nèi)在張力。
     While Madame Hecquet was printing her biography of Memmie, Jean-Jacques Rousseau published his seminal work, Discourse on the Origins of Inequality.
     在埃凱夫人出版她為梅米寫的傳記的同時(shí),讓·雅克·盧梭出版了產(chǎn)生重大影響的學(xué)術(shù)著作《論不平等的起源》。
     Through a comparison between the virtue of ancient city-state and the degeneration of modern society, Rousseau denied the illusory prosperity of modern society.
     盧梭用古代城邦的德性與近代社會(huì)的墮落相對(duì)照,終結(jié)了近代社會(huì)虛假繁榮的圖景。
     Rousseau believed that society enslaved man to vanity and ambition.
     盧梭認(rèn)為社會(huì)迫使人成為名利野心的奴隸。
     Rousseau accuses all other philosophers before himself of attributing to mankind in the state of nature only characteristics of mankind in a state of civilization.
     盧梭指控所有在他之前的哲學(xué)家將人性特點(diǎn)只歸因于文明的狀況,忽視人性在自然下的狀態(tài)。
     Three educators, John Locke, Rousseau, Diesterweg, created three images for a teacher, that is, the teacher for moral integrity, the teacher for freedom, the teacher for truth.
     近代歐洲的三位教育家--洛克、盧梭和第斯多惠,分別在他們的著作中塑造了三種不同的教師形象,即:德性之師、率性之師與真理之師。
     What is Rousseau's conception of liberty?
     盧梭對(duì)于自由的想法為何?
     Sadly, natural-law thinking became unfashionable in the two centuries after Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
     可悲的是,自從盧梭之后的兩個(gè)世紀(jì)里,自然法則不再流行。
     When Rousseau was 10 his father fled from Geneva to avoid imprisonment for a minor offense, leaving young Jean-Jacques to be raised by an aunt and uncle.
     在盧梭10歲時(shí),其父為躲避一宗小罪的關(guān)押而逃離日內(nèi)瓦,小盧梭由叔嬸撫養(yǎng)。
     Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a great thinker, philosopher in the 18th century France Enlightenment period and also the thought pioneer of French capitalist resolution.
     盧梭是18世紀(jì)法國啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的偉大思想家,哲學(xué)家,法國資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的思想先驅(qū)者。




     Mike: What are you studying?
     麥克:你在學(xué)什么?
     Daisy: Philosophy.
     黛西:哲學(xué)。
     Mike: Since when are you interested in philosophy?
     麥克:你什么時(shí)候開始對(duì)哲學(xué)感興趣了?
     Daisy: I am taking a course in philosophy, it's very interesting.黛西:我選了一門哲學(xué)課,非常有意思。
     Mike: I never found philosophy interesting.
     麥克:我從來不覺得哲學(xué)有意思。
     Daisy: You will, when you really get to know it.
     黛西:當(dāng)你真正了解哲學(xué)時(shí),你就會(huì)喜歡它。
     Mike: Who is your favorite philosopher?
     麥克:誰是你最喜歡的哲學(xué)家?
     Daisy: Roussau.
     黛西:盧梭。
     Mike: I've learn his article in essay reading class, he writes beautiful essays.
     麥克:我在散文閱讀上讀過他的文章,他寫的散文很美。
     Daisy: Do you find him very intelligent?
     黛西:你不覺得他很有智慧嗎?
     Mike: I do not know, I just focused on the language.
     麥克:我不知道,我只關(guān)注語言了。
     Daisy: I recommend you read more of his works.
     黛西:我建議你多讀一些他的作品。
     Mike: But I do not like philosophy.
     麥克:但是我不喜歡哲學(xué)。
     Daisy: It can make you understand yourself and the world better.
     黛西:它可以讓你更好地了解自己和這個(gè)世界。
    

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