About Raphael 關(guān)于拉斐爾
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino better known simply as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop, and despite his death at thirty-seven, a large body of his work remains. Many of his works are found in the Apostolic Palace of The Vatican, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome, much of his work was designed by him and executed largely by the workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking. After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (from 1504-1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates.
他的圣母系列作品,更是美術(shù)史上不可多得的杰作。他的一系列圣母畫(huà)像,和中世紀(jì)畫(huà)家所畫(huà)的同類題材不同,都以母性的溫情和青春健美而體現(xiàn)了人文主義思想。拉斐爾以世俗化的手法,將傳統(tǒng)的宗教題材描繪成現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的理想美,稱頌一般人類線性的光輝,洋溢著幸福與歡愉,更加體現(xiàn)了他的人文主義思想。拉斐爾的藝術(shù)被后世稱為"古典主義",不僅啟發(fā)了巴洛克風(fēng)格,也對(duì)17世紀(jì)法國(guó)的古典學(xué)派產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。就美術(shù)史的角度而言,拉斐爾不僅是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的畫(huà)家,更為后世開(kāi)啟了一扇創(chuàng)作典范的新窗。果戈理說(shuō),拉斐爾·桑齊奧是一位崇高的藝術(shù)神化創(chuàng)作大師。他天才地吸收了達(dá)·芬奇的藝術(shù)精華和米開(kāi)朗基羅蒼勁有力的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。瓦薩里認(rèn)為,拉斐爾的畫(huà)中人物與其說(shuō)是用顏色和線條構(gòu)成,倒不如說(shuō)是用血和肉組成。
《西斯廷圣母》是32歲的拉斐爾在他的創(chuàng)作黃金期繪制的,是他的重要代表作。她給我們講述了一個(gè)宗教故事。畫(huà)面上,厚重的帷幔向兩邊徐徐拉開(kāi),圣母顯得沉靜、莊重,盡管未被神化,卻也略顯得圣潔化。畫(huà)家也很注重表現(xiàn)人間的母性美。
This picture is in the manner of Raphael.
這幅畫(huà)模仿了拉斐爾的風(fēng)格。
Raphael was from the High Renaissance period.
拉斐爾成就于意大利文藝復(fù)興高峰時(shí)期。
One of Raphael's most famous paintings is The School of Athens.
《雅典學(xué)院》是拉斐爾最著名的作品之一。
Raphael understood the value of the work of others.
拉斐爾理解其他畫(huà)家作品的價(jià)值。
Some visitors believe the works of Raphael are the most beautiful in the Vatican Museums.
很多游客認(rèn)為在梵蒂岡博物館中,拉斐爾的作品是最美的。
Raphael painted these people teaching and learning around the philosophers Plato and Aristotle.
拉斐爾描繪了人們圍繞在哲學(xué)家柏拉圖和亞里士多德身邊傳道和學(xué)習(xí)的情景。
Works of Raphael deeply influenced painters of the Italian Renaissance.
拉斐爾的作品對(duì)意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的畫(huà)家有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
Elsewhere in the Vatican are the Vatican Museums, Michelangelo's famous Sistine Chapel, and Raphael rooms.
除了大教堂,梵蒂岡還有梵蒂岡博物館,米開(kāi)朗基羅著名的西斯廷教堂以及拉斐爾諸室。
Julius so liked the work of Raphael that he told the artist to remove the earlier paintings in the Pope's living areas.
朱利葉斯非常喜歡拉斐爾的作品,他讓藝術(shù)家把之前在教皇居住室里的畫(huà)都搬掉。
The three great masters of Renaissance Europe are Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo.
歐洲文藝復(fù)興的三大巨匠是拉斐爾、達(dá)·芬奇、米開(kāi)朗基羅。
Michelangelo's works are most drawn from the Bible.
米開(kāi)朗基羅的作品,大部分取材于圣經(jīng)。
They were designed from drawings by the artist Raphael and possibly his students.
這些是根據(jù)藝術(shù)家拉斐爾的作品,還有可能是他學(xué)生的繪畫(huà)作品設(shè)計(jì)而成。
She was holding a child, and at her feet there were cherubs propped on their elbows, just like in the Raphael painting; only they were alive.
她抱著一個(gè)孩子,腳邊趴著幾個(gè)天使,就像拉斐爾的畫(huà)里那樣的,只不過(guò)是會(huì)動(dòng)的。
An element of mystery also surrounds the origins of the painting, which appears to have been inspired by Raphael's Renaissance fresco, The School of Athens.
然而,油畫(huà)的作者是誰(shuí)仍然是個(gè)謎,但作者似乎是從拉斐爾的名著《雅典學(xué)派》中獲得了靈感。
Raphael's father presented severe symptom of schizophrenia.
拉菲爾的父親產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的精神分裂癥。
Mike: Do you like oil painting?
麥克:你喜歡油畫(huà)嗎?
Daisy: I do not know too much about it.
黛西:我知道的不太多。
Mike: There is a lecture on painting in the afternoon, do you want to go?
麥克:下午有一個(gè)關(guān)于油畫(huà)的講座,你想去嗎?
Daisy: I'm free in the afternoon, let's go and see.
黛西:我下午有空,我們?nèi)タ纯窗伞?br />
Mike: Where is the poster of the lecture, I didn't see it.
麥克:講座的海報(bào)在哪,我怎么沒(méi)看到。
Daisy: It's over there.
黛西:在那兒呢。
Mike: The painting on the poster looks so familiar.
麥克:海報(bào)上的畫(huà)看起來(lái)好熟悉。
Daisy: I think it is Saint Maria by Raphael.
黛西:我想是拉斐爾畫(huà)的《圣母瑪利亞》。
Mike: That's right, only he can paint Maria so beautifully.
麥克:對(duì),也只有他才能將圣母瑪利亞畫(huà)得這么美。
Daisy: He has paint a lot Maria.
黛西:他畫(huà)了很多張瑪利亞。
Mike: Why?
麥克:為什么呢?
Daisy: Maybe we can find out in the lecture.
黛西:也許我們?cè)谥v座中會(huì)找到答案。