新SAT亞太首考語法解析：懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)

新SAT亞太首考于5月7日落下帷幕，作為備受關(guān)注的亞太新SAT首考，新東方在線老師親赴韓國、日本，為大家第一時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)新SAT亞太首考的考試情況。本文為SAT名師王潔老師為大家?guī)淼恼Z法解析之懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)，希望對所有關(guān)注新SAT亞太首考動(dòng)向的同學(xué)們有幫助。

新SAT考試中沿用了部分老SAT的語法考核點(diǎn)，其中modifier placement(修飾語)中懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的語病是很大的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，尤其是涉及到None-finite verbs 非謂語動(dòng)詞部分，是SAT考試最?？嫉降膬?nèi)容。要避免懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的語病，首先要明確，作伴隨狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞短語實(shí)際上可以理解為省略了和句子主干相同的主語，如果邏輯上的主語和實(shí)際的主語不一致句子就會(huì)變得詞不達(dá)意。分清楚伴隨狀語的邏輯主語，確保其和句子的主語保持一致是關(guān)鍵。下面我們來具體分析。

首先，非謂語動(dòng)詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)，過去分詞(done)，以及不定式(to do)三種形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞doing一般表示動(dòng)作伴隨著句子謂語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，和主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;過去分詞done表示和主語的被動(dòng)關(guān)系;而不定式to do一般表示目的性質(zhì)。

如何避免懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)呢?就是要保證none-finite verbs的主語和句子主語一致，具體我們看下面的例子：

Visiting Paris two hundred years ago, the city would have looked very different.

A) NO CHANGE

B) Paris would have looked very different.

C) the difference in the city would be seen.

D) you would have seen a very different city.

這個(gè)句子中，Visiting Paris two hundred years ago是主干部分的伴隨狀語，visiting的動(dòng)作應(yīng)當(dāng)是由人發(fā)出，去拜訪兩百年之前的巴黎，人們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完全不同的city. 選項(xiàng)里面只有D的you可以用作visiting的主語。

當(dāng)伴隨狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)用到過去分詞的時(shí)候也同理：

Based on the four years Behar spent interviewing Esperanza Hernández, a street peddler in the Mexican town of Mexquitic, Hernández felt torn between her Mexican and Indian identities.

A) NO CHANGE

B) the book recounts the tensions Hernandez felt

C) Behar found it fascinating that Hernandez felt torn

D) she recounts the tensions Hernandez felt

這個(gè)句子中Based on the four years B spent interviewing EH，指某事物是基于四年來B對EH的采訪，based的邏輯主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是某個(gè)事物或者觀點(diǎn)而不是人本身，所以選項(xiàng)里面的the book可以作為based的主語，其他選項(xiàng)都會(huì)構(gòu)成懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的語病。

伴隨狀語是介詞短語的情況下，同樣要注意主語一致性的問題：

Even with its shortcomings, the continued preservation of invaluable locales was made possible by the Antiquities Act of 1906.

A) NO CHANGE

B) the Antiquities Act of 1906 made the continued preservation of invaluable locales possible.

C) invaluable locales were saved from destruction and their continued preservation was made possible.

D) the destruction of invaluable locales was prevented with the Antiquities Act of 1906, and it ensured continued preservation of such sites.

這個(gè)題目中with its shortcomings是with的介詞短語做伴隨，its這個(gè)物主代詞指代的是句中的Act，強(qiáng)調(diào)the Antiquities Act of 1906是存在不足的，preservation是并不完美的Act帶來的正向結(jié)果，因此用preservation做主語的選項(xiàng)都會(huì)構(gòu)成懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的語病。