[初中]全新英語語法08-3 7組常用易混從屬連詞的用法及區(qū)別

連詞是用來連接單詞、短語、從句或句子的詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句子中不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。

08-3 7組常用易混從屬連詞的用法及區(qū)別

1.as，because，for和since

■as表示“因?yàn)?、由于”，語氣比because，since弱，含義與since相同，但沒有since正式，所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句表示不言而喻、為人所知、顯而易見的原因和理由，或者理由不是很重要。as引導(dǎo)的從句通常位于主句的前面。從句說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果，主從并重。如：As I had a cold，I was absent from school.因?yàn)槲腋忻傲?，所以沒去上課。

As I have time today，I want to visit my grandparents.因?yàn)榻裉煊袝r(shí)間，我想去看望我的祖父母。

■because表示“因?yàn)椤保cas，for，since相比語氣最強(qiáng)，主從句間有直接的因果關(guān)系，它所指的原因通常是聽話人所不知道的，從句一般放在主句的后面，也可放在主句前面或單獨(dú)存在；在回答why的問句時(shí)，必須用because。如：

The swimming pool won't be open today because they're making repairs.游泳池今天不開放，因?yàn)樗麄冊谛蘩怼?/p>

— Why did you move to France？你們?yōu)槭裁窗岬椒▏?/p>

— Because my father found work in Paris.因?yàn)槲腋赣H在巴黎找到了工作。

■for表示“因?yàn)椤?，用法與because相似，但它不表示直接原因，它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待過的情況。表明附加或推斷的理由，它所引導(dǎo)的分句只能放在所要說明的句子的后面（或單獨(dú)成為一個(gè)句子），并且前后兩個(gè)分句間的邏輯關(guān)系不一定是明顯的因果關(guān)系。如：

I went to see him，for I had something to tell him.我去見他，因?yàn)槲矣惺乱嬖V他。

■since 意為“由于、既然”，側(cè)重主句，since引起的從句表示顯然的或已為人所知的、無需加以說明的原因或理由，通常置于句首，表示一種含有勉強(qiáng)語氣的原因。語氣比because弱，但是比as 強(qiáng)。如：

Since we have no money，we can't buy that vase.既然我們沒錢，我們就不能買那花瓶。

Since everybody is here，let's begin our party.既然大家都到了，那就開始我們的聚會吧！

注意：

①英語中用了because后，不可再用so。

②在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，表示原因時(shí)只能用because，不用as和for。如：

It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school我上學(xué)遲到是因?yàn)槲覜]有趕上早班汽車。

③since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)，表示的原因是對方知道的，并不是直接原因，所以只是起到鋪墊的作用

2.because和because of

■because表示“因?yàn)椤?，后跟原因狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)其后要接句子。如：

He didn't go to school today because he was ill.今天他沒有上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

■because of表示“因?yàn)椤保浜笾荒芙用~、代詞或動名詞，不能接從句。如：

We had to stay at home last Sunday because of the bad weather.因?yàn)閻毫拥奶鞖猓闲瞧谔煳覀儾坏貌淮粼诩依铩?/p>

3.if和whether

■if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“是否”，可與whether互換使用；if 在口語中用得較多。如：

Lucy asked if （whether）they had a cotton sweater.露西問他們是否有棉的毛衣。

■whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“是否”，可與if互換使用；whether多用于書面語及正式的場合。如：

Nobody knows whether （if）it will rain tomorrow.沒有人知道明天是否下雨。

注意：

①在引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不用whether。如：

He asked me if I hadn't finished my work.他問我是不是還沒有完成那項(xiàng)工作。

在如下情況下多用whether而不用if：

②在動詞不定式之前只能用whether，而不用if。如：

I can't decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。

He doesn't know whether to visit that old man again.他不知道是否要再去看望那位老人。

③在介詞后的賓語從句，只能用whether引導(dǎo)而不用if。如：

His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.他的父親擔(dān)心是否會失去他的工作。

④當(dāng)賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用whether引導(dǎo)不宜用if。如：

Whether he lives there，I don't know.他是否住在那里我不知道。

⑤與or not 連用時(shí)用whether而不用if。如：

I don't know whether or not they will come for our help.我不知道他們是否要來求我們支援。

⑥在及物動詞discuss后的賓語從句中，只能用whether，不能用if。如：

We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.我們討論了是不是要對我們的計(jì)劃作一些修改。

⑦在及物動詞know后的賓語從句，為避免產(chǎn)生歧義常用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)。如：

Let me know whether he has left for Shanghai.告訴我他是否已經(jīng)去上海了。

4.so ...that和such ...that

■so ...that ...意為“如此……以致……”，that后引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句；其中的so為副詞，其后須跟形容詞或副詞。如：

He became so angry that he couldn't speak.他變得很生氣，以致說不出話來。

■such ...that ...意為“如此……以致……”，that后引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句；其中的such為形容詞，其后接名詞，而且名詞前可以有形容詞或副詞修飾。如：

It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一個(gè)很晴朗的日子，于是我們出去散步了。

注意：

①當(dāng)that前的名詞有表示數(shù)量多少的many，much，few，little等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so，不能用such。但若名詞前的little表示“?。ǖ模币馑紩r(shí)，則仍用such，而不能用so。如：

There was so much noise outside that we couldn't hear the teacher.外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽到老師的話。

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了這么多跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的。

It is such a little sheep that it can't run fast.它是一只小綿羊，跑不快。

②當(dāng)that前是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞且該名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，so與such可以互換，即：so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.。如：

She is so good a teacher that we all love her.

She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老師,我們都愛她。

③當(dāng)that前是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，則必須用such，不能用so來代替。如：

It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.那是個(gè)好天氣，他們都去游泳了。

They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.這些蘋果是如此好，我們都想吃。

5.so that和so ...that

■so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，意為“以便；為了”，從句中通常有can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞。如：

The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.為了給母親買母親節(jié)禮物，小男孩把每個(gè)硬幣都攢了起來。

■so that還可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“因此；所以”，從句中一般不用can，may等詞，但在so that前可以用逗號。如：

He studied very hard，so that he passed the exam.他學(xué)習(xí)很認(rèn)真，結(jié)果通過了這次考試。

■so ...that ...意為“如此……以致……”，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so后須接形容詞或副詞，構(gòu)成“so+形容詞或副詞+that從句”句式；如果so之前是系動詞，那么so后面可跟形容詞；如果so前面是其他動詞，那么so后面可跟副詞。如：

She was so happy that she danced.她高興地跳起舞來。

He ran so fast that I could not catch up with him.他跑得太快，以致我跟不上他。

He has so many friends that he doesn't feel lonely at all.他有許多朋友，一點(diǎn)兒也不感到孤獨(dú)。

注意：

①區(qū)分so that引導(dǎo)的從句表示結(jié)果還是表示目的，除了根據(jù)上下文意思區(qū)別外，還可以從形式上加以判斷。即so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，該從句常使用can，may，would和should等情態(tài)動詞；so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，可用to或in order to替換，將其改為簡單句。如：

He went early so that he got a good seat.他走得很早，結(jié)果占了個(gè)好座位。（結(jié)果）

He went early so that he could get a good seat.他走得很早，以便能占一個(gè)好座位。（目的）

He got up early so that he could get to school on time.為了準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校，他起床很早。

He got up early to get to school on time.為了準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校,他很早起床。

in order to get to school on time,He got up early.為了準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校,他很早起床。

②在so ...that結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句為肯定句時(shí)，可以與enough to句型進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換；當(dāng)從句為否定句時(shí)，可以與too ...to結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

He started very early so that he could get there in time.

He started early enough to get There in time.他出發(fā)得很早,能及時(shí)到達(dá)。

The boy is so young that he can't look after himself.

the boy is too young to look after himself.那男孩太小,不能照看自己。

6.when，while和as

■when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，既可指時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間，可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用，也可以和短暫動作的動詞連用。從句的動作可與主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可先于主句的動作。如：

When the clock struck twelve，all the lights went out.當(dāng)時(shí)鐘敲了十二下，燈全部都熄了。

When I got to the airport，the guests had left.當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。

■while表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，只能指一段時(shí)間，而不能指時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)。用while時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的動作與主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或者主句的動作是在從句的動作的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生的。因此，從句中的謂語必須是表示延續(xù)性動作或狀態(tài)的動詞。這是while與when的主要差別。如：

Please don't talk so loud while people are working.別人在工作的時(shí)候，請不要大聲講話。

■as 表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，其后只能和延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，從句動作的時(shí)間概念淡化，著重指從句與主句的動作相伴隨或同時(shí)發(fā)生，可譯成：“一面……一面……；隨著……；邊……邊……”。如：

Kate read the book as she went along.凱特邊走邊讀書。

We took notes as we listened to the lecture.我們邊聽課邊記筆記。

注意：

①在when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，常省略與主句相同的主語和相應(yīng)的be，而在as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中則一般不省略。如：

Wood gives much smoke while （it is）burning.木頭燃燒時(shí)冒出許多煙。

He fell asleep while （he was）studying his grammar book.他在閱讀語法書的時(shí)候睡著了。

While in London，he studied music.他在倫敦的時(shí)候研究音樂。

②當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中常用when引導(dǎo)，且從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。如：

You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書后，你可以借閱。

When the manager comes here for a visit next week，I'll talk with him about this.下周經(jīng)理來這參觀時(shí)，我會和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/p>

7.although與though

■although表示“雖然……但是……”和though同義，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，一般情況下可以互換使用。但although較為正式，多位于句首，也可以放在主句之后，常用于非正式的口語或書面語中，另外although語氣比though重，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念。如：

Although/Though my car is very old，I don't want to buy a new one.雖然我的汽車很舊，但我不想買一輛新的。

He often helps me with my English although he is quite busy.盡管他相當(dāng)忙，但是還常常幫我學(xué)英語。

■though表示“雖然……但是……”，用法與although相同，但以下情況只用though。

①和even連用時(shí)用though表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，這里的even though=even if，意思是“即使……也……”。

如：Even if/though we could afford it，we wouldn't go abroad for our vocation.即使我們付得起這筆錢，也不出國度假。

②當(dāng)讓步狀語從句指某種假設(shè)情況時(shí)，通常用though，而不用although。如：

Though all the world were against me，I should still hold to my opinion.就算全世界都反對我，我還是堅(jiān)持我的立場。

③though可以獨(dú)立用作副詞，常放在句末，意為“還是；仍然；可是；然而”。如：

It's hard work.I enjoy it，though.工作很苦，可是我喜歡。

④though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)可以倒裝，而although從句則不能。如：

Bravely though they fought，they had no chance of winning.雖然他們打得很勇敢，但還是沒有機(jī)會獲勝。

注意：

although所引導(dǎo)的從句不能與并列連詞but，and，so等連用，但可以和yet，still等詞連用。如：

There is air all around us，although we cannot see it.雖然我們看不見空氣，但是它卻存在于我們周圍。

Although he has a lot of money，yet/still he is unhappy.他雖然有很多錢，但并不幸福。

【中考速遞】

1.[上海中考考題] The nurse won't leave her patients _____ she's sure they are all taken good care of.

A.unless B.because C.since D.if

2.[北京中考考題] _____ I got home，my sister was doing her homework.

A.When B.Because C.If D.Though

3.[吉林長春中考考題] — The students of Grade 9 in Changchun have to take part in the P.E.test from 2016.

— Yes，_____ you want to pass it and be stronger，practice more.

A.until B.if C.unless D.or

4.[貴州銅仁中考考題] — I want to be a teacher when I grow up.

— Work hard，_____ your dream will come true.

A.or B.but C.though D.and

5.[海南中考考題] — When shall we send the washing machine to you，Mrs.Read？

— _____ on Thursday _____ on Friday，please.I'll be at home then.

A.Either；or B.Neither；nor C.Both；and

6.[湖北黃岡中考考題] — My parents are crazy about Running Man .How about your parents？

— _____ my dad _____ my mom likes it.They prefer Ode to Joy （歡樂頌）.

A.Not only；but also B.Both；and

C.Either；or D.Neither；nor

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：A 句意：護(hù)士不能離開病人，除非她確保他們被照顧得很好。由句意可知，表示“除非”用連詞unless，故選A。

2.答案：A 句意：當(dāng)我回到家的時(shí)候，我的姐姐/妹妹正在做作業(yè)。表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”用連詞when，故選A。

3.答案：B 句意：“長春九年級的學(xué)生從2016年起不得不參加體育考試。”“是的，如果你想通過體育考試并變得更強(qiáng)壯，那么就多多訓(xùn)練?！庇删湟饪芍?，表示“如果”用連詞if，故選B。

4.答案：D 句意：“我長大后想要成為一名老師?！薄芭W(xué)習(xí)，你的夢想將會實(shí)現(xiàn)?！边@里考查“祈使句+and+陳述句”句型，故選D。

5.答案：A 句意：“我們什么時(shí)候把洗衣機(jī)給你送去，里德夫人？”“或者星期四，或者星期五，我會在家的。”由句意可知，表示“或者……或者……”用either ...or ...。故選A。

6.答案：D 句意：“我的父母對《奔跑吧兄弟》太癡迷了。你的父母呢？”“我的父親和母親都不喜歡。他們更喜歡《歡樂頌》?！北硎尽皟蓚€(gè)都不”用neither ...nor ...，故選D。

【語法專練 體驗(yàn)中考】

1.[遼寧丹東] We must get up early _____ we can catch the first bus to school.

A.so that B.such that C.in order to D.in order

2.[云南昆明] It is difficult to remember and write Chinese traditional characters（繁體字），_____ they are a great part of Chinese culture.We should keep them.

A.but B.and C.or D.until

3.[黑龍江齊齊哈爾] I was writing a letter _____ she was making a telephone call.

A.while B.when C.before

4.[遼寧沈陽] _____ Simon has done well in his studies，he still works really hard.

A.Although B.Because C.Unless D.When

5.[新疆烏魯木齊]Some people won't realize the importance of their friendship _____ they lose it.

A.after B.when C.until D.as

6.[湖北荊州] — Alice，how do your parents like pop music？

— _____ my dad _____ my mum likes it.They both prefer Beijing Opera.

A.Either；or B.Neither；nor

C.Not only；but also D.Both；and

7.[青?？碱}] He was _____ crazy about rock music _____ he almost spent all his free time listening to it.

A.too ...to B.so ...that C.both ...and

8.[陜西考題] I didn't accept his help _____ I wanted to try it myself.

A.because B.though C.until D.unless

9.[福建泉州] _____ Jane _____ Peter is warm-hearted.They're popular with our class.

A.Both，and B.Not only，but also C.Neither，nor

10.[河北考題] Victories，hurry up！_____ we can't arrive there on time.

A.Or B.So C.But D.And

11.[山東青島] Rules are helpful to us，_____ we have to follow them.

A.so B.but C.or D.because

12.[湖南衡陽] I have two tickets for TF boys' concert._____ you _____ he can go with me.

A.Either；or B.Neither；nor C.Both；and

13.[山東濰坊] _____ Jack was a little disappointed，he still went on with his work.

A.Although B.Because C.Since D.If

14.[天津考題] My family always go somewhere interesting _____ the holiday begins.

A.as soon as B.so C.so that D.even though

15.[安徽考題] Our world will get better and better _____ each of us lives a greener life.

A.before B.if C.though D.until

16.[山東濱州] Life is like a mirror._____ you smile at it，it will smile back.

A.Unless B.When C.Until D.Though

【答案速遞】

1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.B