高中英語語法之動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（含鞏固練習(xí)）

我們都知道，英語語法是英語體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語及書面表達(dá)都需要依附英語語法而成，其中高考時(shí)英語語法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高中英語語法之動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（含鞏固練習(xí)）的資料，內(nèi)容比較適合用來日常練習(xí)，希望對(duì)你有所幫助!

概念:

時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài).英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式本身的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的.英語有16種時(shí)態(tài),但中學(xué)階段較常用的有十種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),一般將來時(shí),過去將來時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),將來進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成時(shí),英在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).

二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1) every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。

2)

The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。

3)

Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必?cái)　?/p>

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。

4)

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。

Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。

now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

1)在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：

Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?

2)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型： It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……時(shí)間了"　 "該……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed.

It is time that sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了"　 "早該……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed.　　　你早該睡覺了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等，而一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義：她已不在人間。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)

1)動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。

2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎?

一般將來時(shí)

1)下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時(shí)候開?十分鐘后。

2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如：

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后，讓他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。

4)在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。

下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎?

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

have (has) +過去分詞。

1)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2)一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語。

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語。

this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了)

I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭)

He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。

Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

8. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

1)It is the first / second time.... that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容詞最高級(jí)+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影?！?過去完成時(shí)

1)

----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。

那時(shí)　 現(xiàn)在

2)

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。例如：

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。

b. 狀語從句

在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>

c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。

3)　過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

湯姆失望了，因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí)，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。

10. 用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)

1)　兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but

When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。

2 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過去完成時(shí)。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3)　敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過去時(shí)。例如：

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

11.將來完成時(shí)

1) 構(gòu)成will have done

2) 概念

a.

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。

b. 動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時(shí)，你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了

1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：

a. 表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：

We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。

b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：

Mr. Green is writing another novel.　他在寫另一部小說。(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)

c. 表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：

The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。

d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1)概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。

2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。

3) this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.　 我兄弟騎車時(shí)摔了下來，受了傷。

It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時(shí)，正下著雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽光燦爛。

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

1)

She'll be coming soon. 她會(huì)很快來的。

I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 將來我一定去見他。

"意志"，不能說I'll be having a talk with her.

2)常用的時(shí)間狀語有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.

15. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)

When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如：

He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。

1 ) "書上說"，"報(bào)紙上說"等。例如：

The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的。2) 敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。例如：

Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破侖的軍隊(duì)正在向前挺進(jìn)，大戰(zhàn)開始了

1) hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：

I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。

I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。

2) 用句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"。例如：

It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 從我們上次見面以來，五年過去了。

在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：

There goes the bell. 鈴響了。

1)

Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我們一起度周末好嗎?

We are leaving soon.　 我們馬上就走。

2) get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬間動(dòng)詞die等。例如：

He is dying. 他要死了。

時(shí)態(tài)一致

1) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或相對(duì)不變的事實(shí)，則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：

At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時(shí)，人們不知道地球是動(dòng)的。

He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告訴我他十八歲了。

2) 賓語從句中的，助動(dòng)詞ought, need, must, dare 的時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。例如：

He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他認(rèn)為我不必告訴你真相。

1、I’ ll give the book to him as soon as he back. 2、the baby ________ crying yet? (stop) 3、I don’ t know whether Mother me to Beijing next month.(take) 4、She on her coat and went out. (put) 5、 “What are they doing?” “They ready for the sports meeting.” (get) 6、The boy asked his motherhim go and play basketball.(let) 7、I’m sorry to keep you for a long time. (wait) 8、It (take) him half an hour _______ (finish) his homework yesterday. 9、If it an interesting film, we’ll see it tomorrow. (be) 10、They usually (do) their homework after supper. 11、Listen! Who(sing) in the next room now? 12、(be) your parents in Shanghai last year? 13、Mr. Yu (teach) us maths since 1982. 14、They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it (not rain) tomorrow. 15、Li Ming often(listen) to the radio in the morning. 16、 “Father, may I go out and play football?” B: “_____you ____(do) your homework?” 17、All the people in the town are glad(hear) that a famous musician ___ a concert this Saturday evening.( give) 18、Our teacher told us if it(not snow) we would visit the Science Museum the next day. 19、They often (play) football in the afternoon. 20、What’re you doing Dad? B: I _______ (mend) the radio.

21、Let’s (carry) the boxes to the house. 22、Yesterday she (want) very much to see the film, but she couldn’t __(get) a ticket. 23、I (write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 24、Mike (visit) several places since he came to Beijing. 25、He (write) four letters to his wife every month. 26、Don’ t make any noise, Grandma (sleep). 27、His aunt (do) some cooking when he came in . 28、When they (reach) the station, the train had already left. 29、There (be) a meeting next Monday. 30、We (know) each other since our boyhood.. 31、Sometimes my father (come) back home late. 32、They (have) an English evening next week. 33、I’m very glad (hear) that. 34、Wei Fang isn’t here. She (go) to the reading-room. 35、The story (happen) long ago. 36、They (visit) the History Museum last week. 37、Zhang Hong (make) many friends since she came to Paris. 38、She (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening. 39、Stay here, bag. Don’t go out. It(rain) now. 40、Li Ping (write) a composition every week. 41、The scientist (give) us a talk yesterday. 42、My parents (live) in Beijing since 1949. 43、Look! The young worker (show) the students around the factory now. 44、They (build) a new bridge over the river next year. 45、The students (clean) their classroom tomorrow.

46、The windows of our lab (clean) once a week. 47、Our teacher (join) the party twenty years ago. 48、The boys (have) a basketball match now. Let’s ___(go) and _____(watch). 49、She (work) in this factory for ten years. 50、 “What makes you (think) I’m a farmer?” the Frenchman asked.

四.答案

comes

stopped

will take

put

are getting

to let

waiting

took … to finish

is

do

is singing

Was

has taught

doesn’t rain

listens

Have … done

to hear … will give

didn’t snow

play

am mending

carry

wanted , get

will write

has visited

writes

is sleeping

was doing

reached

will be

have known

comes

will have

to hear

has gone

happened

visited

has made

will go

is raining

writes

gave

have lived

is showing