托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：從再分配到正式貿(mào)易

　　The change from redistribution to formal trade—often based on regulated commerce that perhaps involved fixed prices and even currency—was closely tied to growing political and social complexity and hence to the development of the state in the ancient world.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

　　復(fù)合句，在插入語(yǔ)中含有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　句子分析：

　　The change from redistribution to formal trade,the change主語(yǔ)，from redistribution to formal trade,定語(yǔ)。本部分意思：從再分配到正式貿(mào)易的變化。

　　was closely tied to growing political and social complexity and hence to the development of the state in the ancient world中，was closely tied to….and hence to 謂語(yǔ)(后面hence to,也受tied管制)，growing political and social complexity,賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)the development 也是賓語(yǔ)，of the state in the ancient world 定語(yǔ)部分。本部分意思：與政治和社會(huì)復(fù)雜性以及古代世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展有密切聯(lián)系。

　　插入語(yǔ)often based on regulated commerce that perhaps involved fixed prices and even currency中，based on regulated commerce, 定語(yǔ)修飾formal trade, that 定語(yǔ)從句，修飾commerce，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，involved 謂語(yǔ)，fixed prices and even currency, 賓語(yǔ)。本部分意思：正式貿(mào)易通常是基于受調(diào)控的貿(mào)易，這種貿(mào)易涉及固定的價(jià)格甚至貨幣。

　　參考翻譯：

　　從再分配到正式貿(mào)易的變化與政治和社會(huì)復(fù)雜性以及古代世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展有密切聯(lián)系(正式貿(mào)易通常是基于受調(diào)控的貿(mào)易，這種貿(mào)易涉及固定的價(jià)格甚至貨幣。)