托福閱讀怎樣對文章段落進行精讀？實用技巧實例講解

　　托福閱讀的文章并不只是題目考點的載體，其本身也有較高的可讀性和閱讀價值。因此精讀托福閱讀的文章考生往往會有很多收獲，比如詞匯量和句式方面的補充加強。而除此之外，對閱讀文章的段落進行精讀，大家也能有更多收獲。下面小編就來通過實例講解托福閱讀文章的段落精讀技巧。

　　托福閱讀備考為何要做段落精讀?

　　精讀段落可以幫助考生了解托福閱讀文章段落的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律，捕捉含特殊邏輯關(guān)系的結(jié)構(gòu)的可能出題點。

　　托福閱讀備考段落精讀要點實例講解

　　1. 快速找出并理解段落中心句

　　段落精讀的第一個要點就是要快速找出并理解各段落的中心句。如果是首段，一般關(guān)注它的首句或尾句;如果是中間段，一般也是閱讀首尾句，但也可能會出現(xiàn)“非常規(guī)”的情況，即中心句在段落的中間出現(xiàn)。以下面這個段落為例。

　　Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback”) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.” Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? (官方指南OG “The Expression of Emotions”)

　　乍一看，你會覺得本段落的中心句就是第一句，其實第一句只是交代了一個普遍的(generally)看法，第二句是基于這個看法作進一步的解釋(in fact)。而真正的中心句應(yīng)該是第三句(由however引出)，它提出了另一個新的看法，叫“面部反饋的假設(shè)”，這個新的看法才是本段接著要展開的重點對象。大家在精讀段落時，應(yīng)該特別留意類似“非常規(guī)”的情況，充分理解這種段落的寫作邏輯。

　　2. 關(guān)注段落中邏輯關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)

　　段落精讀的第二個要點就是關(guān)注段落中含邏輯關(guān)系詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，比如轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)、因果結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、連續(xù)列舉結(jié)構(gòu)等，這些結(jié)構(gòu)往往都是托福閱讀考試的出題點。筆者建議考生在精讀時用記號標出這些結(jié)構(gòu)的信號詞，對其前后的文字加以研讀，并與后面的題目進行對照，摸索閱讀出題的規(guī)律。這里以“轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)”為例作為示范。

　　According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. Unfortunately, the few scientific investigations of yawning have failed to find any connection between how often someone yawns and how much sleep they have had or how tired they are. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten. (官方模考真題18 “The Mystery of Yawning”)

　　考生在精讀本段落時，要特別注意本段中的Unfortunately，它是轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞之一，引起了前后信息的轉(zhuǎn)折，后面的句子對本段開頭的傳統(tǒng)理論(conventional theory)作出了反駁，意思是“但遺憾的是，關(guān)于打哈欠的僅有的幾項科學(xué)研究并沒有找到打哈欠的頻率與個人睡眠時長或者疲勞程度之間的任何關(guān)聯(lián)。”考生可以劃出這個轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，然后再跟后面的題目進行對照，看看是否針對這句話出題。對照之后，考生會發(fā)現(xiàn)有一道事實信息題與這句話有密切的關(guān)系。之后，考生還可以在腦海里再回憶下轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)的信號詞除了unfortunately還有哪些，比如還有but、however、yet、nevertheless、while、whereas等，以后讀段落或做題時可以多注意這些地方。

　　學(xué)會了托福閱讀的文章段落精讀技巧，大家就能從閱讀中收獲到更多寶貴的知識，這樣一來考生的備考效率也就會有進一步提升了。