VOA慢速英語:In the Garden: Getting the Most Out of Mums
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By Jerilyn Watson
2010-6-28
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
People have grown chrysanthemums for more than two thousand years. Chinese and other Asian cultures make tea with the flowers. But mums also make bright and colorful gardens.
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| Getting the Most Out of Mums |
One basic kind of mum is the hardy or garden mum. The other basic kind is the florist mum. The garden mum is better able to handle different growing conditions than the florist mum.
There are many varieties of mums. The decorative mum is often seen in gardens. Another popular type, the quill mum, has long, straight petals like a tube or needle.
Chrysanthemum blooms can be white, yellow, gold, red or other colors. The plants often grow to one meter in height.
The soil should be kept moist but well drained so it does not get too wet.
Newly planted mums should be watered two or three times a week, depending on conditions. Plants established in the ground may do well just with normal rainfall. In dry conditions they will need more water.
Mums grow best in full sunshine. They produce colorful blooms when days get shorter and nights get longer. The life cycle of the plant depends on the amount of daylight. This is why experts advise against placing mums near nightlights or streetlights. The light may interfere with their normal growth cycle. The plants may develop buds too soon.
In climates where temperatures fall below freezing, plant mums at least six weeks before the first frost is expected. That way, the plants will be well established for cold weather.
Placing mulch around the plants can protect them from the cold. Doug Akers from the cooperative extension service at Purdue University in Indiana suggests straw or shredded leaves for the mulch. The material will also add nutrients to the soil.
Some gardeners say the most beautiful presentation comes from planting mums close together. But they also advise leaving enough space between the plants so air can flow. If not, the chance of disease may increase.
To get more blooms, gardeners pinch back the branches when new growth has extended to fifteen centimeters. Squeeze about five to seven centimeters off each branch. Pinch again when a branch grows another twelve to fifteen centimeters. Stop pinching about one hundred days before you want the plants to bloom.
And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. You can find all of our reports with transcripts and MP3s at chinavoa.com. I'm Faith Lapidus.
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
這里是美國之音慢速英語農(nóng)業(yè)報(bào)道。
People have grown chrysanthemums for more than two thousand years. Chinese and other Asian cultures make tea with the flowers. But mums also make bright and colorful gardens.
人們種植菊花已經(jīng)有超過2千年的歷史。中國和其他亞洲國家以菊花為茶，但是菊花也能使花園更加鮮艷多彩。
One basic kind of mum is the hardy or garden mum. The other basic kind is the florist mum. The garden mum is better able to handle different growing conditions than the florist mum.
最基本的一種菊花是園藝菊，另一種是切花菊。園藝菊比切花菊更能適應(yīng)不同生長環(huán)境。
There are many varieties of mums. The decorative mum is often seen in gardens. Another popular type, the quill mum, has long, straight petals like a tube or needle.
菊花分為很多種類。觀賞菊常見于花園中。另一種流行品種是翎毛菊，其花瓣細(xì)長呈針或管狀。
Chrysanthemum blooms can be white, yellow, gold, red or other colors. The plants often grow to one meter in height.
菊花可以開出白色、黃色、金色、紅色或其它顏色的花朵，它們通常能長到一米高。
The soil should be kept moist but well drained so it does not get too wet.
(種植菊花時(shí))土壤應(yīng)保持濕潤，但應(yīng)保持排水良好以免過于潮濕。
Newly planted mums should be watered two or three times a week, depending on conditions. Plants established in the ground may do well just with normal rainfall. In dry conditions they will need more water.
新種下的菊花應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際情況每周澆水2至3次。菊花在正常降雨條件下就能生長得很好，但在干燥環(huán)境下需要澆更多水。
Mums grow best in full sunshine. They produce colorful blooms when days get shorter and nights get longer. The life cycle of the plant depends on the amount of daylight. This is why experts advise against placing mums near nightlights or streetlights. The light may interfere with their normal growth cycle. The plants may develop buds too soon.
菊花在日照充足時(shí)生長情況最好。當(dāng)白天變短黑夜變長時(shí)，它們會(huì)開出五顏六色的花。菊花的生長周期取決于光照時(shí)間。所以專家建議不要將菊花放置在夜燈或路燈附近。燈光會(huì)影響菊花的正常生長周期，導(dǎo)致花蕾提前開放。
In climates where temperatures fall below freezing, plant mums at least six weeks before the first frost is expected. That way, the plants will be well established for cold weather.
在零度以下的氣候條件時(shí)，應(yīng)在預(yù)期霜降前的6周種植菊花。這樣，菊花就能更好地適應(yīng)寒冷天氣。
Placing mulch around the plants can protect them from the cold. Doug Akers from the cooperative extension service at Purdue University in Indiana suggests straw or shredded leaves for the mulch. The material will also add nutrients to the soil.
在菊花四周鋪設(shè)覆蓋物能防止菊花受凍。美國印第安納普度大學(xué)合作推廣中心的Doug Akers建議采用稻草或碎葉作為覆蓋物。這些覆蓋物還能增加土壤養(yǎng)分。
Some gardeners say the most beautiful presentation comes from planting mums close together. But they also advise leaving enough space between the plants so air can flow. If not, the chance of disease may increase.
有些園丁表示，菊花密集種植最為漂亮，但他們也建議植株間要留出足夠空間以便空氣流通。否則，菊花患病的幾率可能會(huì)增加。
To get more blooms, gardeners pinch back the branches when new growth has extended to fifteen centimeters. Squeeze about five to seven centimeters off each branch. Pinch again when a branch grows another twelve to fifteen centimeters. Stop pinching about one hundred days before you want the plants to bloom.
為了得到更多花朵，當(dāng)新枝長至15厘米時(shí)園丁會(huì)進(jìn)行剪枝，每根枝條剪去5-7厘米。當(dāng)枝條再長12至15厘米時(shí)再次進(jìn)行剪枝。在你希望的花期前100天就要停止剪枝。
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