常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 59 The Tango's Dance through History　熱情的探戈

The Tango's Dance through History　熱情的探戈

by Rebecca A. Fratzke

Known as the dance of love and romance, tango was created in African communities of Buenos Aires, Argentina. From there, it hit Europe and the US and _(1)_ popularity and complexity. Though it has gone through several declines and revivals over the years, today tango is as popular and alluring _(2)_.

The word "tango" is said to _(3)_ the Nigerian language Ibibio word tamgu, which means "to dance." By 1911, "tango" was used in the US for any dance with a 2/4 (念成 two-four) or 4/4 (念成 four-four) _(4)_, even if it didn't include actual tango steps.However, true tango was still being developed in Argentina as was the music that goes _(5)_ the dance. Its unique, dramatic sound was created over the years from American, European, and African styles. It was often considered too _(6)_ at the time the dance first became popular. Yet, it matched the intimate moves of the dance well.

After millions of European immigrants came to Argentina after the turn of the century, tango spread _(7)_. Many of these immigrants brought the dance to Europe on their return. In Argentina, tango had been enjoyed mostly by people in the lower and working classesz, but when it reached Europe, its popularity changed its _(8)_. The first tango craze was in Paris as Argentinean orchestras and dancers traveled through Europe. By 1913, tango was _(9)_ in England as "the most graceful and beautiful dance."

The Great Depression caused a decline of tango in Argentina, but it was _(10)_

revived as a source of national pride. Despite its many ups and downs, tango has survived as an art form and as one of Argentina's major cultural gifts to the world.

(A) rhythm　　(B) image　　(C) along with　　(D) gained in　　(E) like wildfire

(F) lively　　(G) as ever　　(H) later　　(I) described　　(J) originate from

原來(lái)如此

1. From there, it hit Europe and the US and gained in popularity and complexity.

理由:

a. 空格前有過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞 hit 與對(duì)等連接詞 and，得知應(yīng)置入過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組以形成對(duì)等。

b. 選項(xiàng)中符合上述條件的有 (D) gained in(增加)與 (I) described(描述)，但由空格后的名詞 popularity(流行)得知，應(yīng)置入 gained in，以形成下列固定用法：

gain in popularity　　開(kāi)始流行∕受歡迎

例: Disco dancing may someday gain in popularity once again.

(迪斯科舞蹈或許有一天會(huì)再度流行起來(lái)。)

c. 根據(jù)上述，故選 (D)。

2. ...today tango is as popular and alluring as ever.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試下列固定用法：

as + adj./adv. + as ever　　與往常一樣……

例: John is trying to be nicer, but he's still as sarcastic as ever.

(約翰試著好好待人，但還是如往常一樣愛(ài)挖苦人。)

b. 空格前有副詞 as(一樣地)及形容詞 popular and alluring(受歡迎和吸引人的)，得知應(yīng)選 (G)。

3. The word "tango" is said to originate from the Nigerian language Ibibio word tamgu, which means "to dance."

理由:

a. 空格前有不定詞的 to，得知應(yīng)置入原形動(dòng)詞(詞組)。

b. (J) originate from(起源于)為原形動(dòng)詞詞組，置入后亦符合語(yǔ)意，故為正選。

c. originate from...　　起源于……

例:The rhythms of jazz music originate from African tribal music.

(爵士樂(lè)的節(jié)奏起源于非洲的部落音樂(lè)。)

4. By 1911, "tango" was used in the US for any dance with a 2/4 or 4/4 rhythm, even if it didn't include actual tango steps.

理由:

a. 空格前有不定冠詞 a 及形容詞 2/4 or 4/4(二四拍或四四拍的)，得知應(yīng)置入名詞。

b. 選項(xiàng)中為名詞的有 (A) rhythm(節(jié)奏)與 (B) image(形象)，但此處指的應(yīng)是二四拍或四四拍的『節(jié)奏』，故選 (A)。

5. However, true tango was still being developed in Argentina as was the music that goes along with the dance.

理由:

a. 空格前為不及物動(dòng)詞 goes，其后有名詞 the dance(舞蹈)，得知此處應(yīng)置入介詞，方能接受詞 the dance。

b. 選項(xiàng) (C) along with 為介詞詞組，且置入后形成下列固定用法：

go along with...　　伴隨……;附和……

例: Red wine always goes along with steak the best.

(紅酒向來(lái)是搭配牛排的最佳酒類(lèi)。)

例:Everyone went along with the boss' idea, even though they didn't agree with it.

(每個(gè)人都附和老板的想法，盡管他們心里并不贊同。)

c. 根據(jù)上述，故選 (C)。

6. It was often considered too lively at the time the dance first became popular.

理由:

a. 空格前有 was considered(被視為)及副詞 too(太過(guò)于)，得知空格應(yīng)置入形容詞，以符合下列固定用法：

be considered (to be) + too + adj.　　被視為太過(guò)于……

例: The punishment was considered too light by the victim.

(受害者認(rèn)為對(duì)罪犯的懲罰太輕了。)

b. 選項(xiàng) (F) lively(活潑的)為形容詞，置入后亦符合語(yǔ)意，故選之。

7. After millions of European immigrants came to Argentina after the turn of the century, tango spread like wildfire.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試下列固定詞組：

spread like wildfire　　迅速地傳開(kāi)

例:The flu spread like wildfire in my school, and all my friends got sick.

(流感在學(xué)校里快速蔓延，我的朋友全都生病了。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，故選 (E)。

8. ...but when it reached Europe, its popularity changed its image.

理由:

a. 空格前有所有格 its，得知本空格應(yīng)置入名詞。

b. 選項(xiàng)中為名詞的僅剩 (B) image(形象)，置入后亦符合語(yǔ)意，故為正選。

9. By 1913, tango was described in England as "the most graceful and beautiful dance."

理由:

a. 空格前有主詞 tango(探戈)及 be 動(dòng)詞 was，得知空格可置入名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞。

b. 選項(xiàng)中僅剩 (I) described(被描述)為過(guò)去分詞，且置入后與其后的 as 形成下列固定用法：

be described as...　　被描述成……

= be depicted as...

例:Nathan has been described as the new Elvis.

(納森被描述成新一代貓王。)

c. 根據(jù)上述，故選 (I)。

10. ...but it was later revived as a source of national pride.

理由:

a. 空格前有主詞 it(= tango)及動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式 was revived(再度流行)，為完整的句構(gòu)，得知空格應(yīng)置入副詞。

b. 選項(xiàng)中僅 (H) later(稍后、后來(lái))為副詞，置入空格后，表探戈雖在阿根廷一度沒(méi)落，但『后來(lái)』便以國(guó)家驕傲來(lái)源的姿態(tài)東山再起，語(yǔ)意通順，故為正選。

精解字詞詞組

1. go through...　　經(jīng)歷……(= experience)

例: My grandma has gone through some hard times during her life.

(我奶奶一生中經(jīng)歷過(guò)一些艱苦的日子。)

2.decline n. & vi. 下降;衰退 & vt. 婉拒

on the decline　　衰退中;減少中

例: Smoking is on the decline in most Western nations.

(大多數(shù)西方國(guó)家的抽煙人口正逐漸減少。)

例: Amy declined my invitation to the dance.

(愛(ài)咪拒絕了和我共赴舞會(huì)的邀約。)

3. dramatic a. 戲劇性的

例: Your screenplay is dramatic and filled with intriguing characters.

(你的電影劇本富有戲劇性，而且充滿了吸引人的角色。)

4.match vt. 符合，配合

例: The boy's dark clothes matched his depressed mood.

(那個(gè)男孩的深色衣服符合他沮喪的心情。)

5. the turn of the century　　世紀(jì)交接之時(shí)

例:This town was founded around the turn of the 18th century.

(這座城鎮(zhèn)建于 18 世紀(jì)交接之際。)

6. craze n. 一時(shí)的狂熱

例: America experienced a hula-hoop craze during the 1950s.

(1950 年代，美國(guó)曾掀起一股呼拉圈狂熱。)

7. eviver vt. 使復(fù)蘇;使再流行

例: We must do something to revive our city's economy.

(為了振興本市的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們必須有所作為。)

8.Despite + N/V-ing , S + V　　盡管……，……

= In spite of + N/V-ing, S + V

例: Despite his good looks, Edward could not find a girlfriend.

(盡管愛(ài)德華長(zhǎng)得很帥，他依然交不到女朋友。)

9.ups and downs　　 起起伏伏

例: Life involves a lot of ups and downs; sometimes we're happy, and sometimes we're not.

(人生有起有落，有時(shí)歡喜，有時(shí)則不然。)

單字小鋪

1. tango n. 探戈 & vi. 跳探戈舞

It takes two to tango.　　要兩個(gè)人才能跳探戈;(喻)一個(gè)巴掌拍不響。

2. popularity n. 普及，流行

3. complexity n. 復(fù)雜

4. revival n. 復(fù)興，再流行

5. alluring a. 迷人的，吸引人的

6. step n. 步伐，腳步

7. intimate a. 親密的

8. working class n. 勞動(dòng)階級(jí)

9. orchestra n. 管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)

10. graceful a. 優(yōu)美的

11. Great Depression　　(1930 年代的)經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條

depression n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣時(shí)期

12. source n. 來(lái)源

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

探戈是眾所周知的愛(ài)情與浪漫之舞，發(fā)源于阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯的非洲小區(qū)。從那里為起點(diǎn)，探戈席卷歐洲與美國(guó)，越來(lái)越受歡迎，也越趨復(fù)雜化。雖然多年來(lái)經(jīng)歷多次興衰，如今探戈就和往常一樣受歡迎又吸引人。

tango 一字據(jù)說(shuō)是來(lái)自奈及利亞的伊比比奧語(yǔ)中的 tamgu，指的是『跳舞』。到了 1911 年，就算不含任何探戈舞步，任何具有二四拍或四四拍節(jié)奏的舞蹈在美國(guó)都被稱(chēng)為探戈。不過(guò)，真正的探戈在阿根廷仍不斷地發(fā)展，連同探戈的襯樂(lè)也是如此。多年來(lái)，美國(guó)、歐洲與非洲風(fēng)格融合成它獨(dú)特且戲劇化的音樂(lè)。在一開(kāi)始流行的時(shí)候，探戈音樂(lè)通常被認(rèn)為太過(guò)活潑。不過(guò)它卻與舞蹈中的親密動(dòng)作巧妙配合。

數(shù)百萬(wàn)名歐洲移民在二十世紀(jì)之交抵達(dá)阿根廷后，探戈便迅速流傳開(kāi)來(lái)。許多移民回國(guó)時(shí)將探戈帶回歐洲。在阿根廷，大部分都是低下階層或勞動(dòng)階層的人在跳探戈，但到了歐洲，其受歡迎的程度讓它的形象改頭換面。第一股探戈熱潮發(fā)生于巴黎，當(dāng)時(shí)阿根廷管弦樂(lè)團(tuán)與舞者在整個(gè)歐洲巡回演出。到了 1913 年，探戈在英國(guó)被描述成『最優(yōu)雅美麗的舞蹈』。

經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條使探戈在阿根廷一度沒(méi)落，但后來(lái)便以國(guó)家驕傲來(lái)源的姿態(tài)東山再起。盡管經(jīng)過(guò)許多起起伏伏，探戈以藝術(shù)形式流傳下來(lái)，也是阿根廷賦予世界的一項(xiàng)重要文化獻(xiàn)禮。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:　1. (D)　2. (G)　3. (J)　4. (A)　5. (C)　6. (F)　7. (E)　8. (B)　9. (I)　10. (H)