常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 77 Wigs 再見(jiàn)，三千煩惱絲

Wigs 再見(jiàn)，三千煩惱絲

Picture yourself in the 17th century, looking sharp with a bundle of horsehair on your head.

想象自己身處 17 世紀(jì)，頭上戴著馬毛假發(fā)，一副精神抖擻的模樣。

by Rebecca A. Fratzke

Though we might chuckle when we discover that someone is wearing a wig, they were nothing unusual in years past. Wigs have a long history, which includes their having been worn by both men and women.

In ancient times, wigs were worn by Egyptians for a practical reason: to prevent their shaven heads _(1)_ sunburned. The ladies of the Roman Empire also loved wigs, but strictly for reasons of style. The wig-wearing trend continued until the Middle Ages brought a drastic decline. Wigs later became highly fashionable in the 17th century, and they became _(2)_ elaborate. Some even _(3)_ over 90 cm in height! During this time, because of such high demand, wig-making came to be seen as a prestigious craft. The best wigs were made of cut human hair, but horse or goat hair was used to make cheaper versions. _(4)_ high prices and extreme discomfort, anyone of social standing was expected to wear a wig. An advantage of wearing a wig, though, was that it was more easily rid _(5)_ head lice than one's actual hair.

The use of wigs eventually began to decline, almost dying out completely during the 1920s, _(6)_ short hair was in. Smaller fake-hair accessories have consistently remained popular as a way to increase the appearance of hair volume, but wigs in general have _(7)_ their importance. These days, the most common reasons for wearing a wig usually involve acting, costumes, illness, or aging.

1. (A) to get (B) get (C) from getting(D) getting

2. (A) previously(B) originally(C) essentially (D) increasingly

3. (A) ranged (B) measured (C) weighed (D) contained

4. (A) Despite (B) Even if (C) Since (D) As with

5. (A) out (B) from (C) of (D) with

6. (A) that (B) when (C) which (D) where

7. (A) missed (B) kept (C) gained (D) lost

原來(lái)如此

1. In ancient times, wigs were worn by Egyptians for a practical reason: to prevent their shaven heads from getting sunburned.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試下列固定用法：

prevent sb/sth from V-ing　　防止某人∕某物……

例: Exercising regularly can prevent you from suffering from many ailments.

(定期運(yùn)動(dòng)可預(yù)防很多小毛病。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，可知應(yīng)選 (C) from getting。

2. Wigs later became highly fashionable in the 17th century, and they became increasingly elaborate.

理由:

a. (A) previously adv. 事先，先前

(B) originally adv. 起初，原來(lái)

(C) essentially adv. 基本上

(D) increasingly adv. 逐漸地

become increasingly + 原級(jí)形容詞

變得愈來(lái)愈……

例: People are becoming increasingly worried about global warming.

(人們愈來(lái)愈擔(dān)心全球暖化。)

b. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (D)。

3. Some even measured over 90 cm in height!

理由:

a. (A) range vi.(范圍)涉及

range from A to B　　范圍從 A 到 B 都有

例: The weather here ranges from cold to extremely hot.

(這里的天氣從寒冷到酷熱都有。)

(B) measure vi. 有……(長(zhǎng)、寬、高等)& vt. 測(cè)量

例: The road measures 300 km in length.

(這條路量起來(lái)有 300 公里長(zhǎng)。)

(C) weigh vi. 重達(dá) & vt. 稱……的重量

例: Since I went on a diet, I have been weighing myself every morning.

(自從我開(kāi)始節(jié)食之后，每天早上都量體重。)

(D) contain vt. 包含，容納

例: Our herbal teas contain no artificial flavorings.

(我們的花果茶絕不添加人工香料。)

b. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)意、用法，可知應(yīng)選 (B)。

4. Despite high prices and extreme discomfort, anyone of social standing was expected to wear a wig.

理由:

a. (A) Despite + N/V-ing, S + V　　盡管……，……

= In spite of + N/V-ing, S + V

例: Despite their mutual dislike, the two men remained civil in public.

(盡管這兩個(gè)人彼此不喜歡對(duì)方，他們?cè)诠_(kāi)場(chǎng)合仍保持禮貌。)

(B) Even if + S + V, S + V　　即使……，……

例: Even if Jim apologizes, Sally isn't going to forgive him.

(即使吉姆道歉，莎莉仍然不會(huì)原諒他。)

(C) since prep. 自從……，自……之后

注意:

since 當(dāng)介詞時(shí)，之后接明確的時(shí)間、名詞、動(dòng)名詞或時(shí)間副詞 then，形成副詞詞組，修飾完成式或完成進(jìn)行式的主要子句。

例: Sandra has been keeping a diary since 1993.

(自 1993 年以來(lái)，珊卓拉一直都有寫日記。)

(D) As with..., S + V　　和……一樣，……

例: As with most new products, there will be some problems at first.

(和大多數(shù)新產(chǎn)品一樣，一開(kāi)始總會(huì)有一些問(wèn)題。)

b. 空格后有名詞 prices(價(jià)格)和 discomfort(不舒適)，可知空格應(yīng)置入介詞。(B) Even if 為副詞連接詞，故不可選。(A)、(C) 為介詞，(D) 為介詞詞組，但 (C) Since 必須與完成式或完成進(jìn)行式并用，而 (D) 置入后語(yǔ)意不合，故 (C) 和 (D) 不可選。

c. 僅 (A) 置入后符合語(yǔ)意、用法，故選之。

5. An advantage..., was that it was more easily rid of head lice than one's actual hair.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試 rid 的用法：

rid vt. 使擺脫;免除(三態(tài)均為 rid)

注意:

rid 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后須接表地方的名詞或反身代名詞作受詞，再接 "of + 所要擺脫的對(duì)象"，此處的 "be rid of..." 則為被動(dòng)用法;rid 的過(guò)去分詞 rid 亦常與 get 并用，形成下列用法：

get rid of...　　擺脫∕戒除……

例: We must rid our kitchen of cockroaches.

(我們必須驅(qū)除我們廚房?jī)?nèi)的蟑螂。)

例: John finally rid himself of that ugly car and bought a new one.

(約翰終于擺脫他那輛丑陋的車子而買了部新的。)

例: You have to get rid of that attitude or all your friends will leave you.

(你得改掉那種態(tài)度，否則你的朋友都會(huì)離你而去。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，可知應(yīng)選 (C)?？崭袂暗?it，指的就是 wig(假發(fā))，表『假發(fā)比較容易去除頭虱』。

6. The use of wigs eventually began to decline, almost dying out completely during the 1920s, when short hair was in.

理由:

a. 空格前有時(shí)間 1920s(1920 年代)，可知應(yīng)置入關(guān)系副詞 when，引導(dǎo)形容詞子句加以修飾。

b. 根據(jù)上述，可知應(yīng)選 (B)。

7. Smaller fake-hair accessories have consistently remained popular as a way to increase the appearance of hair volume, but wigs in general have lost their importance.

理由:

a. (A) miss vt. 錯(cuò)過(guò);想念

(B) keep vt. 保留，持有

(C) gain vt. 得到，獲得

(D) lose vt. 失去

b. 空格內(nèi)置入 lost 后，表『失去』其重要性，符合前后語(yǔ)意，故選 (D)。

精解字詞詞組

1. strictly adv. 嚴(yán)格地;嚴(yán)厲地

Strictly speaking, S + V　　嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，……

例: Strictly speaking, strawberries are not true berries.

(嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，草莓并非真正的漿果。)

2. decline n. & vi. 下跌;減少

例: His health has recently declined.

(他的健康情況最近走下坡。)

3. elaborate a. 精心制作的 & vi. 詳述

elaborate on...　　詳述……

例: We asked Jenny to elaborate on her trip to Russia.

(我們請(qǐng)珍妮詳細(xì)描述她的俄國(guó)之旅。)

4. be made of...　　由……制成(產(chǎn)品仍保有材料原來(lái)的性質(zhì)或形狀)

be made from...　　由……制成(產(chǎn)品不保留材料原來(lái)的性質(zhì)或形狀)

例: Two hundred years ago, false teeth were sometimes made of wood.

(兩百年前，假牙有時(shí)是用木頭做的。)

例: The new car was made entirely from recycled materials.

(那輛新車完全是用回收資源制造出來(lái)的。)

5. die out　　滅絕，絕跡

例: The white tiger has completely died out in this part of the world.

(白老虎已經(jīng)完全在本地絕跡了。)

6. consistently adv. 一貫地

例: Mervin shows up on time consistently.

(馬文向來(lái)準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)。)

7. in general　　一般而言，大體上

= generally speaking

= by and large

= on the whole

= for the most part

例: In general, his school report is not that bad.

(大體上，他的成績(jī)并沒(méi)那么差。)

8. involve vt. 包含;需要

例: Learning how to play piano involves patience and practice.

(學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴需要耐心和練習(xí)。)

單字小鋪

1. wig n. 假發(fā)

2. chuckle vi. 低聲輕笑，暗自發(fā)笑

3. practical a. 實(shí)際的

4. shaven a. 剃光毛發(fā)的

shave vt. 剃(毛發(fā));刮(胡子)

5. sunburned a. 曬傷的

6. trend n. 時(shí)尚;趨勢(shì)

7. drastic a. 猛烈的，激烈的

8. fashionable a. 流行的，時(shí)髦的

9. prestigious a. 有名望的

10. craft n. 手藝，工藝

11. version n. 版本

12. discomfort n. 不舒服，不適

13. social standing n. 社會(huì)地位

14. advantage n. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)

disadvantage n. 缺點(diǎn)

15. lice n. 虱子(復(fù)數(shù)形)

louse n. 虱子(單數(shù)形)

16. eventually adv. 最后，終于

17. accessory n. 配件，飾品

18. volume n. 份量;體積，容積

19. costume n. 戲服;服裝

詞組小鋪

1. in ancient times　　在古代

in modern times　　在現(xiàn)代

2. be seen as...　　被視為……

= be viewed as...

= be regarded as...

= be looked upon as...

= be thought of as...

3. be expected to V　　被預(yù)計(jì)∕預(yù)期(做)……

4. be in　　流行的

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

雖然當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有人戴著假發(fā)時(shí)可能會(huì)偷笑，但在從前，戴假發(fā)可是件稀松平常的事。假發(fā)擁有一段很長(zhǎng)的歷史，男人和女人都曾配戴假發(fā)。

古時(shí)候，埃及人戴假發(fā)的原因出于實(shí)用性，是為了避免曬傷剃光的頭。羅馬帝國(guó)的婦女也愛(ài)戴假發(fā)，不過(guò)嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，只是為了造型。戴假發(fā)的風(fēng)潮直到中世紀(jì)才急速衰退。之后到 17 世紀(jì)假發(fā)開(kāi)始大為流行，而且愈趨精致。有些假發(fā)甚至長(zhǎng)達(dá) 90 公分。這段期間因?yàn)榧侔l(fā)的需求量高，制作假發(fā)被視為一種受人尊敬的手藝。最高檔的假發(fā)是由剪下來(lái)的真發(fā)制成，但馬毛或是山羊毛也被用來(lái)制作成較便宜的假發(fā)。盡管假發(fā)價(jià)位高、戴起來(lái)又不舒適，一般還是會(huì)期望擁有社會(huì)地位的人士戴假發(fā)。不過(guò)戴假發(fā)的一個(gè)好處就是，比起真發(fā)，假發(fā)比較容易除去頭虱。

假發(fā)的使用最后開(kāi)始式微，1920 年代短發(fā)蔚為風(fēng)尚時(shí)，假發(fā)幾乎消失殆盡。小的假發(fā)配件因?yàn)槟軌蚴拱l(fā)量看起來(lái)較多而依舊受歡迎，但大體說(shuō)來(lái)，假發(fā)已經(jīng)不再受重視?，F(xiàn)在通常因?yàn)檠輵?、戲服需要或是因疾病和年老掉發(fā)才會(huì)配戴假發(fā)。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (D)