防沉迷、防欺凌，未成年人保護(hù)法修訂草案增設(shè)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)”

10月21日，未成年人保護(hù)法修訂草案提請(qǐng)十三屆全國人大常委會(huì)第十四次會(huì)議審議，其中專門增設(shè)的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)”一章，成為草案的一大亮點(diǎn)。

Students play with mobile phones during their visit to Beijing Museum of Natural History in Beijing on July 26, 2015. [Photo/VCG]

In a new chapter named "Internet Protection", legislators began by giving a nod to minors' proper internet use. The 11-clause chapter lays out duties for governments, schools, parents and digital service providers as to their responsibilities in navigating youngsters through cyberspace.

新增設(shè)的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)”專章明確，國家保護(hù)未成年人合理使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的權(quán)利。這一章共11條，規(guī)定了政府、學(xué)校、家長以及數(shù)字服務(wù)供應(yīng)商在引導(dǎo)青少年使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的責(zé)任。

【單詞講解】

Minor這個(gè)詞用法很多，可以用作動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞。在法律上，minor指未滿18歲的人，即“未成年人”。在學(xué)校里，minor可以指“輔修(課程)”或者“輔修生”，與major(專業(yè))相對(duì)，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.(我輔修計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。)用作形容詞的時(shí)候，minor也是與major相對(duì)的，表示“次要的、輕微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.(她在電影里扮演過一些小角色。)

草案規(guī)定，學(xué)校、社區(qū)、圖書館、文化館、青少年宮等場(chǎng)所為未成年人提供的公益性互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上網(wǎng)服務(wù)設(shè)施，應(yīng)當(dāng)安裝未成年人上網(wǎng)保護(hù)軟件(install software to protect minors from harmful information)。

國家鼓勵(lì)和支持有利于未成年人健康成長的網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容的創(chuàng)作與傳播，鼓勵(lì)和支持專門以未成年人為服務(wù)對(duì)象、適合未成年人身心發(fā)展特點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、設(shè)備、產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和使用(develope technologies, devices and services tailored to children's needs)。

Service providers were ordered to offer designs that will allow parents or other guardians to monitor children's time and money spent on online platforms and stop them from internet addiction.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)提供者應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)置相應(yīng)的時(shí)間管理、消費(fèi)管理等功能，為父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人預(yù)防和干預(yù)未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供便利。

The chapter forbids threats, insults and attacks of minors in written, visual or audio forms and empowered parents and other guardians to demand service providers to remove such content.

草案規(guī)定，任何組織或者個(gè)人不得通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)以文字、圖片、音視頻等形式侮辱、誹謗、威脅未成年人，受害未成年人的父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人可以要求網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù)提供者及時(shí)采取刪除、屏蔽等措施，停止侵害。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

未成年人權(quán)益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

校園欺凌 school bullying

留守兒童 left-behind children

防沉迷系統(tǒng) anti-addiction system