新修訂的《未成年人保護(hù)法》為“少年的你”撐好法律“保護(hù)傘”

中國日?qǐng)?bào)：金鼎

The amended Law on Protection of Minors has almost twice as many clauses as the old version of the law and includes a new chapter on internet protection in a bid to protect those under the age of 18 when they are online.

新修訂的《未成年人保護(hù)法》比現(xiàn)行法律增加了近一倍條款，并新增“網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)”章，以保護(hù)未成年人網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。

【單詞講解】

Minor這個(gè)詞用法很多，可以用作動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞。在法律上，minor指未滿18歲的人，即“未成年人”。在學(xué)校里，minor可以指“輔修(課程)”或者“輔修生”，與major(專業(yè))相對(duì)，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.(我輔修計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。)用作形容詞的時(shí)候，minor也是與major相對(duì)的，表示“次要的、輕微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.(她在電影里扮演過一些小角色。)

Underage和minor都表示“未成年”，二者的區(qū)別在于，underage是形容詞，表示“is legally too young to do something”，也就是“未到法定年齡的”，比如：underage youth(未成年人)、underage drinking(未成年人飲酒行為)等;而minor是名詞，與adult相對(duì)，大家應(yīng)該都很熟悉了，比如：cigarette sales to minors are not allowed(禁止向未成年人銷售香煙)。

針對(duì)未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)等問題，新修訂的《未成年人保護(hù)法》作出規(guī)定：

Internet product and service providers shall not offer minors with products and services that induce addiction, says the revision.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)提供者不得向未成年人提供誘導(dǎo)其沉迷的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。

Providers of online services, including game, livestream, audio and video, and social media, shall set up corresponding functions such as time limit, authorization and consumption limit for minors, according to the revision.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲、網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)音視頻、網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交等網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者應(yīng)當(dāng)針對(duì)未成年人使用其服務(wù)設(shè)置相應(yīng)的時(shí)間管理、權(quán)限管理、消費(fèi)管理等功能。

在應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌方面，新修訂的《未成年人保護(hù)法》作出規(guī)定，

The minors under cyberbullying and their parents and guardians have the right to inform the internet service providers to take measures such as deleting, blocking or disconnecting links.

遭受網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的未成年人及其父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人有權(quán)通知網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者采取刪除、屏蔽、斷開鏈接等措施。

【單詞講解】

Cyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌)，這個(gè)概念指的是人們通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)個(gè)人或群體的惡意、重復(fù)傷害行為。Bully這個(gè)詞作名詞講的時(shí)候就是指“惡霸，仗勢(shì)欺人者”，比如：I fell victim to the office bully.(我成了辦公室惡霸的欺凌對(duì)象)，所以，實(shí)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的人是cyberbully，實(shí)施校園欺凌的人就叫school bully。

Upon receiving the notice, the service provider shall take necessary measures to stop the bullying and prevent the spread of related information, says the revision.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者接到通知后，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)采取必要的措施制止網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌行為，防止信息擴(kuò)散。

向性侵和欺凌說不

The revision also makes provisions on sexual assault and harassment against minors, stipulating that schools and kindergartens shall not conceal such illegal and criminal acts, and shall promptly report to the public security and education authorities, and cooperate with relevant departments according to law.

對(duì)性侵害、性騷擾未成年人等違法犯罪行為，學(xué)校、幼兒園不得隱瞞，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向公安機(jī)關(guān)、教育行政部門報(bào)告，并配合相關(guān)部門依法處理。

The revised law makes it clear that the country should establish a database of offenders who sexually assault, abuse, abduct or violently harm children and share the information with facilities that work with minors.

國家建立性侵害、虐待、拐賣、暴力傷害等違法犯罪人員信息查詢系統(tǒng)，向密切接觸未成年人的單位提供免費(fèi)查詢服務(wù)。

強(qiáng)化各方報(bào)告義務(wù)

Hotel operators should ask children for the phone numbers of their parents or guardians when they try to check in alone or with other adults. The operators must call police quickly if they uncover a suspected crime or violation of the law.

旅館、賓館、酒店等住宿經(jīng)營者接待未成年人入住，或者接待未成年人和成年人共同入住時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)詢問父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人的聯(lián)系方式等有關(guān)情況;發(fā)現(xiàn)有違法犯罪嫌疑的，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即向公安機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)告。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

未成年人權(quán)益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

校園欺凌 school bullying

留守兒童 left-behind children

防沉迷系統(tǒng) anti-addiction system