大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程下冊課文(帶字幕)09

[00:00.00]Unit 9 text A
[00:04.99]Aging is European Countries
[00:07.56]歐洲國家的老齡化
[00:10.14]We have to realise how old,how very old,we are.
[00:13.56]我們不得不認(rèn)識到我們多大歲數(shù)了,有多老了.
[00:16.98]Nations are classified as"aged"
[00:22.83]when they have 7 per centor more of their people aged 65 or above,
[00:26.71]當(dāng)有7%或更多的人65歲或者說65歲以上時,
[00:30.59]and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this
[00:39.55]Of the really ancient societies,
[00:41.73]這個國家就被列入老齡化國家之列.到大約1970年,第一個發(fā)達國家都成了這樣的國家.
[00:43.91]with over 13 per cent above 65all are in Northwestern Europe.
[00:48.24]65歲以上的人超過13%的老年人社會,都在西北歐.
[00:52.56]At the beginning of the 1980's East Germany had 15.6 per centAustria,Sweden,
[01:02.69]West Germany and France had 13.4 per centor above,
[01:06.02]20世紀(jì)80年代初,東德有15.6%,奧地利,瑞典,西德和法國有13.4或更大高,
[01:09.36]and England and Wales 13.3 per cent.
[01:12.44]英格蘭和威爾士有13.3%,
[01:15.52]Scotland had 12.3 per cent.
[01:18.15]英格蘭12.3%,
[01:20.77]Northern Ireland 10.8 per centand the United States 9.9 per cent.
[01:25.50]北愛爾蘭有10.8%,美國有9.9%.
[01:30.23]We know that we are getting even older
[01:32.75]我知道我們在變得越來越老,
[01:35.27]and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth;
[01:38.95]人口增長率接近于零的社會離我們接近,
[01:42.64]the older its population is likely to be--
[01:45.12]人口越可能老齡化,
[01:47.60]at leastfor any future that concerns us now.
[01:52.64]To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added
[01:56.27]至少就與我們直接相關(guān)的未來來說是這樣的.
[01:59.90]some of them only recently recognised.
[02:02.24]許多更大進一步的現(xiàn)實,
[02:04.58]There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause
[02:07.70]其中一些只是近來才認(rèn)識到,
[02:10.82]of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths.
[02:14.24]造成老年人比率高的有效原因是出生人數(shù)而不是死亡人數(shù).
[02:17.67]There is the economic principle'that the dependency ratio
[02:20.80]有這樣一條經(jīng)濟原則:
[02:23.93]the degree to which thom who cannot earn depend lot a living on those who can--
[02:27.51]撫養(yǎng)率---不能掙錢生活的人依靠能掙錢養(yǎng)家的人的程度
[02:31.09]is more advantageous in older societies like ours
[02:37.26]than in the younger societies of the developing world,
[02:39.83]---在我們這機關(guān)報更為老齡化的社會里比在發(fā)展中世界的較年輕社會里要有利一些,
[02:42.40]because lots of dependent babies
[02:47.68]are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.
[02:50.71]因為大量的沿需撫養(yǎng)的孩子與一定數(shù)量的不能工作的老年人相比,更是個負(fù)擔(dān).
[02:53.74]There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth
[02:56.77]有對這樣一個明顯的歷史真實的正確評價:
[02:59.80]that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.
[03:03.18]先進社會的老齡化都是一種突變.
[03:06.57]If "revolution" is a rapid resettlement of the social structure,
[03:09.70] 如果"革命"是對社會結(jié)構(gòu)的迅速重建,
[03:12.84]and if the age composition of the society counts as a very
[03:19.50]important aspect of that social structure,
[03:21.93]如果社會的年齡構(gòu)成被看做社會結(jié)構(gòu)的一個非常重要的方面,
[03:24.36]then there has been a social revolution in European and
[03:27.44]如果社會的年齡構(gòu)成被看做社會結(jié)構(gòu)的一個非常重要的方面,
[03:30.52]particularly Western European society with in the lifetime of everyone over 50.
[03:34.60]那么在歐洲特別是第一個人的生命超過50歲的西歐,
[03:38.67]Taken together,these things have implications which are
[03:44.73]only beginning to be acknowledged.
[03:46.77]已經(jīng)有一場革命.總之,這其中的含義只是剛剛開始被人們認(rèn)識到.
[03:48.81]These facts and circunstances were well to the fore earlier this year
[03:53.34]這些事實和情況早些時候在法國維希舉行的一個世界大會上被
[03:57.87]at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy,
[04:01.96]視為對科學(xué)和政策的挑戰(zhàn)而置于顯著的地位.
[04:06.05]held at Vichy in France.
[04:10.41]There is often resistance to the idea that it is
[04:12.84]我們?nèi)丝诘睦淆g化,
[04:15.27]because the birthrate fell earlier in Western
[04:17.75]是因為在西歐和西北歐出生率比其他地方下降得早,
[04:20.23]and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere,
[04:23.11]而不是因為死亡率發(fā)生了一些變化.
[04:25.98]rather than because of any change in the death ratethat we have grown so old.
[04:29.95]經(jīng)常有人對這一觀點表示反對,
[04:33.92]But this is what elementary demography makes clear.
[04:36.60],但這是基礎(chǔ)人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)弄清楚的事實.
[04:39.28]Long life is altering our society,of course,but in experiential terms
[04:43.35]當(dāng)然,長壽正改變著我們的社會,但這是根據(jù)經(jīng)驗而來的說法.
[04:47.43]We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living
[04:51.15]我們之中有一種比先于我們的任何社會多得多的壽命處長的經(jīng)歷,
[04:54.87]than any society that has over preceded us anywhere,
[04:57.89]這種子經(jīng)歷將繼續(xù)下去.但如果我們不能為之做一些努力,即使在富裕的西文,
[05:00.90]and this will continue.But too much of that lengthened experience
[05:04.59]但如果我們不能為之做一些努力,即使在富裕的西文,
[05:08.27]even in the wealthy West,will be experience of poverty and neglect
[05:15.82]unless we do something about it.
[05:17.81]太多的壽命延長的經(jīng)歷也將成為貧窮和被人忽視的經(jīng)歷.
[05:19.79]If you are now in your thirties,you ought to be aware
[05:22.57] 如果你現(xiàn)在是三十幾歲,你應(yīng)當(dāng)知道,
[05:25.36]that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life
[05:32.02]after the age of 60.The older you are now,of course,
[05:36.04]你可以指望在活到60歲以后再活上差不多15年.
[05:40.06]the greater this proportion will be,and greater still if you are a woman.
[05:43.80]現(xiàn)在你越老,當(dāng)然這個比例就越大.如果你是女人,這個比例還會大.
[05:47.53]Expectation of life is a slippery figure,
[05:50.11]估計壽命是個易變的數(shù)字,
[05:52.68]very easy to get wrong at the highest ages.
[05:55.41]在最高年齡上很容易弄錯.
[05:58.14]At Vichy the demographers were telling each other that their estimates
[06:04.30]of how many old there would be
[06:06.54]在維希,人口學(xué)家互相轉(zhuǎn)告,在像英格蘭和威爾士這些國家,
[06:08.77]and how long they will live in countries like England and Wales
[06:14.62]are due for revision upwards.
[06:16.56]他們對將有多少老人和他們能活多久的估計應(yīng)向上調(diào)整.
[06:18.49]Text B
[06:20.02]B
[06:21.54]Children's Self-esteem
[06:23.32]孩子們的自尊
[06:25.10]Self-esteem is what people think about themselves
[06:27.46] 自尊是人們對自己看法
[06:29.83]whether or not they feel valued--and when family members have self-respect
[06:33.00]當(dāng)家庭成員有了自尊,自豪,自信時,
[06:36.17]pride and belief in themselves,this high sell-esteem
[06:42.13]nuskes it possible to cope with the everyday problems of growing up.
[06:44.70]這種高度的自尊使得妥善處理成長的日常問題成為可能.
[06:47.28]Successful parenting begins by communicating to children that they belong,
[06:50.41] 成功的充兒之道始于讓孩子知道,
[06:53.54]and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist.
[06:56.27]他們屬于這個家庭,他們受到寵愛沒有別的原因,就因為他們自身的存在.
[06:59.00]Through touch and tone of voice
[07:00.78]通過撫摸和聲音的語調(diào),
[07:02.56]parents tell their infants whether or not they are valued,special,and loved,
[07:05.64]父母告訴他們的幼兒他們是否受到重視,最否很特別,量否被愛.
[07:08.72]and it is these messages that form the basis of the child's self-esteem.
[07:11.70]正是這些信息形成了孩子自尊的基礎(chǔ).
[07:14.68]When children grow up with love
[07:16.40]當(dāng)孩子們在愛的翔下成長,
[07:18.13]and are made to feel lovable despite their mistakes and failures,
[07:20.71]不管他們是錯誤或失敗,都使他們感覺到討人喜愛時,
[07:23.30]they are able to interact with others in a responsible,honest,and loving way
[07:26.52]他們就能用可信賴的,誠實的和愛的方式與別人交往.
[07:29.75]A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties arise,
[07:32.72]當(dāng)出現(xiàn)困難時,健康的自尊心是一種解決困難的手段,
[07:35.68]making it easier to see a problem as temporary,manageable,
[07:38.46]使之容易把問題看做是暫時的,能處理的,
[07:41.24]and something from which the individual can emerge.
[07:43.43]個人可以從中解脫出來.
[07:45.61]If,however,children grow up without love and without feelings of self-worth,
[07:50.09] 然而,如果孩子們在沒有愛和沒有自我價值感的環(huán)境中成長,
[07:54.57]and expect to be cheated,taken advantage of,and looked down upon by others.
[07:57.95]他們覺得不討人喜歡,沒有價值,料想會被別人欺騙,利用和看不起,
[08:01.33]Ultimately their actions invite this treatment,
[08:03.46]最后他們的行為招致了這種待遇,
[08:05.59]and their self-defeating behavior turns expectations into reality.
[08:08.57]他們的自我挫敗的行為把預(yù)想變成了現(xiàn)實.
[08:11.55]They do not have the personal resources to handle everyday problems
[08:14.28]他們沒有以健康方式處理日常問題的個人對策,
[08:17.01]in a healthy way,and life may be viewed as just one crisis after another
[08:20.43]生活被認(rèn)為只是一個危機接著另一個危機.
[08:23.85]Without a healthy self-esteem they may cope by acting out problems
[08:30.01]rather than talking them out or by withdrawing
[08:32.50]沒有健康的自尊心,他們處理問題時,不是把問題提出來,
[08:34.98]and remaining indifferent toward themselves and others
[08:37.32]而是用行動把問題表現(xiàn)出來,
[08:39.65]These individuals grow up to live isolated,lonely lives,
[08:42.48]或是采取退縮以及對自己和他保持冷漠的態(tài)度.
[08:45.30]lacking the ability to give the love that they have never received
[08:47.96]這些人在隔絕的孤獨的生活中成長,
[08:50.63]Self-esteem is a kind of energy,and when it is high,
[08:53.36]自尊心是一種力量.當(dāng)自尊心強時,
[08:56.08]people feel like they can handle anything.
[08:58.12]人們感覺好像能夠處理任何事情.
[09:00.16]It is what one feels when special things are happening
[09:02.59]這就是當(dāng)特殊事情發(fā)生
[09:05.02]or everything is going great.A word of praise,a smile,
[09:08.19]或一切進行得很順利時一個人的感覺.一句贊揚的話,一個微笑,
[09:11.37]a good grade on a report Card,
[09:13.18]成績報告卡上的一個好分?jǐn)?shù),
[09:15.00]or doing something that creates pride within oneself
[09:17.22]或者做一些使自己引以為榮的事,都能產(chǎn)生這種力量.
[09:19.44]can create this energy When feelings about the self have been threatened
[09:22.61]當(dāng)對于自己的感覺受到威脅,
[09:25.79]and self-esteem is low,everything becomes more of an effort.
[09:28.50]自尊心不足時,一切事情都在更大程度上變成了一種需要費力去做的負(fù)擔(dān).
[09:31.22]It is difficult to hear,see,or think clearly,
[09:33.94]很難聽清楚,看清楚,想清楚,
[09:36.65]and others seem rudeinconsiderate,and rough,
[09:39.17]其他人都似乎沒有禮貌,不體諒人,粗暴.
[09:41.69]The problem is not with others,it is with the self,
[09:44.22]問題并不在別人,是在自己.
[09:46.74]but often it is not until energies are back to normal
[09:49.32]但常常直到這種精神回到正常狀態(tài),
[09:51.91]that the real problem is recognized.
[09:53.83]才認(rèn)識到真正的問題是什么.
[09:55.75]Children need help understanding that their self-esteem
[09:58.27] 嬰幼兒的自尊完全依賴于其家庭成員.
[10:00.79]and the self-esteem of those they interact with
[10:04.66]have a direct effect on each other.
[10:06.48]直到大約孩子上學(xué)時,外界力量才對孩子的自我感覺產(chǎn)生影響.
[10:08.31]For example,a little girl comes home from school and says,
[10:13.56]"I need lovings 'cause my feelings got hurt today.
[10:18.61]"The mother responds to her child's need to be held and loved.
[10:23.26]If instead the mother said she was too busy to hold the little girl,
[10:28.58]the outcome would have been different.
[10:32.14]The infant's self-esteem is totally dependent on family members,
[10:38.30]and it is not until about the time the child enters school
[10:43.16]that outside forces contribute to feelings about the self.
[10:48.12]A child must also learn that a major resource for a healthy self-esteem
[10:51.25]孩子也必須明白健康的自尊主要惡臭內(nèi)部.
[10:54.37]comes from within.
[10:57.84]Some parents raise their children to depend on external
[11:00.57]一些父母通過
[11:03.30]rather than internal reinforcement through practices such as
[11:08.55]paying for good grades On report cards
[11:10.63]諸如為報告卡上的好成績付報酬
[11:12.71]or exchanging special privileges for good behavior.
[11:15.08]或為好的行為況現(xiàn)特權(quán),
[11:17.46]The child learns to rely on others to maintain a high self-esteem
[11:20.33]學(xué)會了依靠別人來保持高度自尊,
[11:23.21]and is not prepared to live in a world in which desirable behavior
[11:25.92]沒有生活在一個這樣的世界的思想準(zhǔn)備,
[11:28.64]does not automatically produce a tangible reward
[11:31.06]在這個世界里可取的行為并不會自動產(chǎn)生
[11:33.47]such as a'smile,money,or special privileges.
[11:36.10]像微笑,金錢或特權(quán)這樣的實在的獎勵.
[11:38.72]Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is a challenge that continues throughout life.
[11:41.75]保持健康的自尊心是持續(xù)一生的挑戰(zhàn).
[11:44.78]One family found that they could help each other identify positive attitudes.
[11:47.87]一個家庭發(fā)現(xiàn)他們可以互相幫助確定積極的態(tài)度.
[11:50.95]One evening during an electric storm
[11:52.97]一個是民閃雷鳴的晚上,
[11:55.00]the family gathered around the kitchen table,
[11:57.07]一家人圍坐在廚房桌子周圍,
[11:59.15]and each person wrote down two things that they liked about each family member
[12:02.02]每個人寫下兩件他們喜歡的關(guān)于每一個家庭成員的事.
[12:04.90]These pieces of paper were folded and given to the appropriate person,
[12:07.72]這些紙折疊起來給了相應(yīng)的人,
[12:10.54]who one by one opened their special messages.
[12:12.72]他們一個接一個打開了他們特殊的訊息
[12:14.90]The father later commented,"It was quite an experience
[12:20.18]opening each little piece of paper and reading the message.
[12:22.45]父親后來評論說:"打開每張字條讀上面的信息,那真是很好的感受.
[12:24.72]I still have those gifts,and when I've had a really bad day
[12:27.40]我依然保存著那些禮物,當(dāng)我遇到一個特別糟糕的日子里,通讀它們,
[12:30.08]I read through them and I always come away feeling better."
[12:32.72]我總從中解脫出來,感受好多了."
[12:35.36]The foundation of a healthy family
[12:39.01]depends on the ability Of the parents to communicate messages of love,
[12:41.94] 健康家庭的基礎(chǔ)依賴于父母傳遞給每一個孩子的愛,
[12:44.87]trust,and self-worth to each child
[12:47.23]信任和自我價值的信息的能力
[12:49.59]This is the basis on which self-esteem is built,and as the child grows,
[12:52.68]這是建立自尊心的基礎(chǔ),伴隨著孩子的成長,
[12:55.76]serf-esteem changes from a collection of other's feelings
[13:00.80]to become personal feelings about the self.
[13:02.98]自尊心由懼別人的感覺變?yōu)樽约簩ψ约旱母杏X.
[13:05.16]Ultimately a person's self-esteem
[13:09.32]is reflected in the wayhe or she interacts with others.
[13:11.89]最后,一個人的自尊由他或她與別人的效方式反映出來.