新概念英語第二冊(cè)詳解第64課: The Channel Tunnel
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why was the first tunnel not completed?
In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
tunnel n. 隧道
port n. 港口
ventilate v. 通風(fēng)
chimney n. 煙囪
sea level 海平面
double adj. 雙的
ventilation n. 通風(fēng)
fear v. 害怕
invasion n. 入侵，侵略
officially adv. 正式地
connect v. 連接
European adj. 歐洲的
continent n. 大陸
參考譯文
1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法國(guó)工程師帶著建造一條長(zhǎng)21英里、穿越英吉利海陜的隧道計(jì)劃到了英國(guó)。他說，可以在隧道中央建造一座平臺(tái)，這座平臺(tái)將用作碼頭和火車站。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的煙囪狀通風(fēng)管，隧道就具備了良好的通風(fēng)條件。1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英國(guó)人提出了一項(xiàng)更好的計(jì)劃。他提議建一條雙軌隧道，這樣就解決了通風(fēng)問題。因?yàn)槿绻辛谢疖囬_進(jìn)隧道，它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽進(jìn)了隧道。42年以后，隧道實(shí)際已經(jīng)開始建了。如果不是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國(guó)人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。世界不得不再等將近100年才看到海峽隧道竣工。它于1994年3月7日正式開通，將英國(guó)與歐洲大陸連到了一起。
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel，建造一條長(zhǎng) 21英里的隧道的計(jì)劃。
twenty-one-mile作 tunnel的修飾語，注意 mile為單數(shù)。plan for +名詞/動(dòng)名詞表示“……的計(jì)劃”：
They always make plans for their holidays, but, in the end, they always stay at home.
他們總是為假期制訂各種計(jì)劃，但是，末了，他們總是呆在家里。
He came with a plan for (building) a bridge over the river.
他帶來了在這條河上建一座橋的計(jì)劃。
2.serve as，充當(dāng)，起……的作用(也可以說 serve for)。
The books on the floor may serve as/ for a carpet.
地板上的書可充當(dāng)?shù)靥河昧恕?/p>
This sofa can serve as/ for(a) bed.
這張沙發(fā)可以當(dāng)床用。
3.a better plan was put forward, 提出了一項(xiàng)更好的計(jì)劃。
put forward為固定短語，可分開用，其含義之一是“提出(計(jì)劃、建議等)”：
You know they wouldn't accept your plan. Why did you put it forward?
你知道他們不會(huì)接受你的計(jì)劃。你為什么要提出來呢?
Has he put forward any suggestion?
他提出什么建議了嗎?
4.He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.他提
議建一條雙軌隧道。
suggest后面跟從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為 should(可省略)+動(dòng)詞原形(cf.第63課語法)：
He suggested (that) they (should) change the plans.
他建議他們改變計(jì)劃。
suggest后面也可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。(cf.第47課詞匯學(xué)習(xí))
5.It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.它于1994年3月7日正式開通，將英國(guó)與歐洲大陸連到了一起。
現(xiàn)在分詞 connecting 引導(dǎo)的短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。connect表示“連接”、“連結(jié)”，可與to或with連用：
This road connects the willage with/to London.
這條公路連接著這個(gè)村子與倫敦。
The lake and the canal are connected by a river.
這個(gè)湖與運(yùn)河之間由一條小河相連。
語法 Grammar in use
第3類條件句
(1)在第16課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用第1類條件句表示將來很可能發(fā)生的事：
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
一旦你把汽車停錯(cuò)了地方，交通警便很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。
在第40課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用第2類條件句談?wù)撓胂裰械那闆r或描寫完全不可能的事：
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!
如果你多吃點(diǎn)，少說點(diǎn)，我們兩個(gè)都會(huì)吃得好的!
If I were you, I would not go to London tomorrow.
如果我是你，我明天就不去倫敦。(婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議)
(2)第3類條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與前兩類都不一樣，if從句需用過去完成時(shí)，主句用 would have/should have+過去分詞形式：
If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.
要是下雨，我們就會(huì)呆在家里了。
第3類條件句在if從句里設(shè)想純粹想像的事情，在主句里講述想像的結(jié)果。它與第2類條件句有一定的相似之處。但是，第3類條件句所談的是沒有或永遠(yuǎn)不可能有的結(jié)果，因?yàn)樗鼈冎傅氖沁^去沒有過的事情。它們是所謂的“假設(shè)條件句”：
If I had worked harder at school, I'd have go a better job.
要是我上學(xué)時(shí)勤奮一些，我就會(huì)有較好的工作了。(事實(shí)是現(xiàn)在的工作不太好)
在 if從句中可用 could have+過去分詞代替 had been able to +動(dòng)詞原形
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.fear vt.
(1)害怕，畏懼：
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, the tunnel would have been completed.
如果不是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國(guó)人害怕入侵，隧道早就建成了。
She fears speaking in public.
她害怕當(dāng)眾講話。
(2)恐怕，猜想(比 be afraid要正式)：
We fear/It is feared/ We're afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash.
在這次撞車事故中恐怕有許多人丟了性命。
I fear that she has lost her way in the forest.
我擔(dān)心她在森林里迷路了。
2.動(dòng)詞 draw 的一些短語
動(dòng)詞draw的主要含義之一是“拉”、“拖”，它與不同的小品詞連用可以有不同的含義。
(1)draw in，使……進(jìn)入;吸入：
If a train entered the tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
如果有一列火車開進(jìn)隧道，它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽了進(jìn)來。
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in.
花的香味使我們走進(jìn)了這家商店。
(2)draw back，后退，后縮;收回，撤回：
If you take part in the race, you mustn't draw back.
你如果參加比賽，就一定不能退出/后退。
You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.
你們得靠自己完成這項(xiàng)工作。他們已把他們的人員撤走了。
(3)draw up，停住，使……停住;起草，制訂，擬訂：
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me.
我正在一家商店門口等吉爾時(shí)，一輛出租車停在了我身邊。
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries?
這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間又簽訂什么新協(xié)議了嗎?
(4)draw off，撤走，離開：
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.
由于洪水的緣故，村民們不得不撤走。
When the others were talking loudly, he quietly drew off.
其他人大聲交談時(shí)，他悄悄地離開了。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A Three sentences: 1.5,Type 2;
1.9, Type 2;
1.10,Type 3
C 1 would have been able 2 could have come 3 would not have made
4 were 5 is
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 up 2 back 3 up
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 b
7 c 8 c 9 a 10 b 11b 12 b
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★tunnel n. 隧道
channel 海峽
★port n. 港口
airport
★ventilate v. 通風(fēng)
air
Air the room,please!
★chimney n. 煙囪
★sea level 海平面
★double adj. 雙的
double income,no kid.
couple / pair
a couple of weeks
a pair of shoes/socks/glasses
★ventilation n. 通風(fēng)
Forced Ventilation 強(qiáng)制排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)
★fear v. 害怕
afraid / frighten/frightening/frightened/frightful
be afraid/frighten/scare
sb.fear sth.
I feared darkness.
I fear dogs.
be afraid of I am afraid of dogs.
Can you help me? I am afraid I can't/I am afraid not.
sth.frighten / scare sb. You frightened/scared me
The dog frightened me
fear / be afraid of 是習(xí)慣性的/人做主語
frighten/scare 是因某件突然的事情才有的害怕情緒/句子后邊的部分是人 The film scared me
horrified 恐懼
★invasion n. 入侵，侵略
decide/decision invade v.
★officially adv. 正式地
official / office
formally
★connect v. 連接
connect sth.with / to
★European adj. 歐洲的
European Continent
★continent n. 大陸
【課文講解】
1.in 1858
2.in 1860
3.forty-two years later
4.1994
描述一件事物的要素：
who/do what/how /why
in 1858,a French engineer arrived in England with a plan.
plan for
twenty-one-mile 是定語
He said
it 代表to build a platform in the centre of the Channel,做形式主語
serve as 作為...來服務(wù); 起...作用
It will serve as swimming pool.
above 在海拔上高
put forward (plan/suggestion)
an Englishman
suggest 有兩個(gè)意思：
1作為"暗示"意思時(shí)，用法與其它的詞相同。
2作為"建議"意思時(shí)，則為虛擬語氣，后接動(dòng)詞是要用-ing形式，后接that從句采用一種固定的用法。
should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should 可以省略
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel be built.
I suggested (that) he (should) go home.
He suggested that I should go with him
He insisted that I should stay to lunch.
for 因?yàn)?/p>
draw in 吸進(jìn)
bring
at the time
the British 英國(guó)人
虛擬語氣 (非真實(shí)條件句)
1與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
2與過去事實(shí)相反
其從句的使用：
1與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用一般過去時(shí)
2與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)，此時(shí)主句格式為：would have done
would/could/should
must have done 對(duì)過去的推測(cè)
cann't have done 對(duì)過去的推測(cè)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加have done 表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)
wait for
wait for five minutes
I have waited five minutes.
I have waited for you for five minutes
I have waited five years for you.
connect...to...
非謂語動(dòng)詞中的ing形式：
1表示其與主語是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系
2表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生
非謂語動(dòng)詞中的ed形式表示其與主語是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系
【Key structures】
1.虛擬語氣 與過去事實(shí)相反
特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：suggest/insist，后接that從句(should+動(dòng)詞原形)
Exercise C:
No.1 would have been able
No.3 would not have made
No.4 虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句使用一般過去時(shí)
與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相反的be動(dòng)詞，用were代替
if I were you
No.5 is 真實(shí)條件句
【Multiple choice questions】
3...
possible
could:可能
would:表示將來要做
11...
mix:混合
join:連接(加入)，強(qiáng)調(diào)使成為其中一員
rejoin:再次加入
combine:合并
9...
put forward:提出
intend to do
aim at:目標(biāo)是什么
plan:計(jì)劃
suggest:建議
suggest+doing/that, suggest+名詞或代詞
【Special difficuilties】
1....
drwa up :簽署
2...
draw back:倒退
3...
draw up = stop :停止，停下來
【Summary writing】
1...
The tunnel will(would) be ventilated,a French engineer planned to build in 1858
The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
先行詞，which非限定性定語從句
The tunnel,which a French engineer planned to build in 1858,would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
3.because they would
4.Though...because
It was stopped because the British had feared invasion.
Though it was begun(work begin forty-two years later),it was stopped because...
5.However 起了副詞的作用，后面考研直接加一個(gè)句子
【Composition】
1.Thanks to(prep.):幸虧，because of :由于
Thanks to the English channel which separates Britain from Europe,the country has not been invaded since 1066
2.now that :即使(既然)
However,now that modern warfare is far more complex,such fears no longer exist.
3.Both...and...
Both Britain and Europe benefit
