《孫子兵法》第68期:第十一章 九地(7)

九地篇 NO.7：
是故不知諸侯之謀者，不能預交;
不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍;
不用鄉(xiāng)導，不能得地利。
四五者，一不知，非霸王之兵也。
夫霸王之兵，伐大國，則其眾不得聚;威加于敵，則其交不得合。
是故不爭天下之交，不養(yǎng)天下之權，信己之私，威加于敵，則其城可拔，其國可隳。
施無法之賞，懸無政之令。
犯三軍之眾，若使一人。犯之以事，勿告以言;
犯之以利，勿告以害。投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生。夫眾陷于害，然后能為勝敗。
故為兵之事，在順詳敵之意，并敵一向，千里殺將，是謂巧能成事。
這句啥意思：
不了解諸侯列國的戰(zhàn)略意圖，就不要與之結交;
不熟悉山林、險阻、沼澤等地形情況，就不能行軍;不使用向導，就無法得到地利。
這些情況，如有一樣不了解，都不能成為稱王爭霸的軍隊。
凡是王霸的軍隊，進攻大國，能使敵國的軍民來不及動員集中;兵威加在敵人頭上，能夠使敵方的盟國無法配合策應。
因此，沒有必要去爭著同天下諸侯結交，也用不著在各諸侯國里培植自己的勢力，
只要施展自己的戰(zhàn)略意圖，把兵威施加在敵人頭上，就可以拔取敵人的城邑，摧毀敵人的國都。
施行超越慣例的獎賞，頒布不拘常規(guī)的號令，指揮全軍就如同使用一個人一樣。
向部下布置作戰(zhàn)任務，但不說明其中意圖。只告知利益而不指出危害。
將士卒置于危地，才能轉危為安;使士卒陷于死地，才能起死回生。
軍隊深陷絕境，然后才能贏得勝利。
所以，指導戰(zhàn)爭的關鍵，在于謹慎地觀察敵人的戰(zhàn)略意圖，集中兵力攻擊敵人一部，千里奔襲，斬殺敵將，這就是所謂巧妙用兵，實現(xiàn)克敵制勝的目的。
英文這么說：
We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with theirdesigns.
We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country--
its mountains and forests,its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps.
We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides.
To be ignored of any one of the following four or five principles does not befit a warlike prince.
When a warlike prince attacks a powerful state,his generalship shows itself in preventing theconcentration of the enemy's forces.
He overawes his opponents,and their allies are prevented from joining against him.
Hence he does not strive to ally himself with all and sundry, nor does he foster the power ofother states.
He carries out his own secret designs, keeping his antagonists in awe.
Thus he is able to capture their cities and overthrow their kingdoms.
Bestow rewards without regard to rule,issue orders without regard to previous arrangements;
and you will be able to handle a whole army as though you had to do with but a single man.
Confront your soldiers with the deed itself;never let them know your design.
When the outlook is bright,bring it before their eyes; but tell them nothing when the situation isgloomy.
Place your army in deadly peril, and it will survive;plunge it into desperate straits, and it willcome off in safety.
For it is precisely when a force has fallen into harm's way that is capable of striking a blow forvictory.
Success in warfare is gained by carefully accommodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose.
By persistently hanging on the enemy's flank, we shall succeed in the long run in killing thecommander-in-chief.
This is called ability to accomplish a thing by sheer cunning.
單句理解：
孫子在這里所說的“夫霸王之兵，伐大國”，其實也就是說用兵作戰(zhàn)要給敵軍造成一種“勢”。如果以霸王之兵進攻敵國，就能造成迅雷不及掩耳之勢，做到先發(fā)制人，從而有效地把握戰(zhàn)爭的主動權。這樣一旦出兵，便可使敵國措手不及，兵不得聚，人心散亂，軍無斗志，也使盟國不敢策應馳援。