國際關系英語詞匯大全Unit 47

　　英語單詞講解 unit 47

　　1.Socrates

　　Socrates (470/469 – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes.

　　1.蘇格拉底

　　蘇格拉底(前469年-前399年)，古希臘哲學家，和其學生柏拉圖及柏拉圖的學生亞里士多德被并稱為希臘三哲人。他被認為是西方哲學的奠基者。沒有留下著作，其思想和生平記述于后來的學者——主要是他的學生柏拉圖——和同時代的劇作家阿里斯托芬的劇作中。柏拉圖的《對話》一書記載了蘇格拉底在倫理學領域的貢獻。

　　2.Plato

　　Plato ( 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BCE) was a philosopher, as well as mathematician, in Classical Greece, and an influential figure in philosophy, central in Western philosophy. He was Socrates' student, and founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with Socrates and his most famous student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."

　　2.柏拉圖

　　柏拉圖(約公元前427年-前347年)是著名的古希臘哲學家，雅典人，他的著作大多以對話錄形式紀錄，并創(chuàng)辦了著名的學院。柏拉圖是蘇格拉底的學生，也是亞里士多德的老師，他們三人被廣泛認為是西方哲學的奠基者，史稱“西方三圣賢”。據說他在四十歲時，約公元前387年結束旅行返回雅典，并在雅典城外西北角創(chuàng)立了自己的學校—即著名的柏拉圖學院，這所學院成為西方文明最早的有完整組織的高等學府之一，后世的高等學術機構也因此而得名，也是中世紀時在西方發(fā)展起來的大學的前身。

　　3.Aristotle

　　Aristotle (384–322 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in Stagira of Chalkidiki, next to the Macedonian Kingdom in the north part of the Greek world. At eighteen, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BCE). His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great starting from 343 BCE.

　　3.亞里士多德

　　亞里士多德(公元前384年-公元前322年3月7日)，古希臘哲學家，柏拉圖的學生、亞歷山大大帝的老師。他的著作包含許多學科，包括了物理學、形而上學、詩歌(包括戲劇)、音樂、生物學、動物學、邏輯學、政治、政府、以及倫理學。和柏拉圖、蘇格拉底(柏拉圖的老師)一起被譽為西方哲學的奠基者。亞里士多德的著作是西方哲學的第一個廣泛系統(tǒng)，包含道德、美學、邏輯和科學、政治和玄學。