國(guó)際關(guān)系英語(yǔ)詞匯大全Unit 59

　　1.Immanuel Kant

　　Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that fundamental concepts structure human experience, and that reason is the source of morality. His thought continues to have a major influence in contemporary thought, especially the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics. Kant's major work, theCritique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781), aimed to explain the relationship between reason and human experience. With this project, he hoped to move beyond what he took to be failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He attempted to put an end to what he considered an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as David Hume.

　　1.伊曼努爾·康德

　　伊曼努爾·康德(1724年4月22日-1804年2月12日)著名德意志哲學(xué)家，德國(guó)古典哲學(xué)創(chuàng)始人，其學(xué)說(shuō)深深影響近代西方哲學(xué)，并開(kāi)啟了德國(guó)唯心主義和康德主義等諸多流派?？档率菃⒚蛇\(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期最后一位主要哲學(xué)家，是德國(guó)思想界的代表人物。他調(diào)和了勒內(nèi)·笛卡兒的理性主義與法蘭西斯·培根的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義，被認(rèn)為是繼蘇格拉底、柏拉圖和亞里士多德后，西方最具影響力的思想家之一?？档掠衅渥猿梢慌傻乃枷胂到y(tǒng)，并且有為數(shù)不少的著作,其中核心的三大著作被合稱為“三大批判”，即《純粹理性批判》、《實(shí)踐理性批判》和《判斷力批判》，這三部作品有系統(tǒng)地分別闡述他的知識(shí)學(xué)、倫理學(xué)和美學(xué)思想?！都兇饫硇耘小酚绕涞玫綄W(xué)術(shù)界重視，標(biāo)志著哲學(xué)研究的主要方向由本體論轉(zhuǎn)向認(rèn)識(shí)論，是西方哲學(xué)史上劃時(shí)代的巨著，被視為近代哲學(xué)的開(kāi)端。此外，康德在宗教哲學(xué)、法律哲學(xué)和歷史哲學(xué)方面也有重要論著。

　　2.Walter Lippmann

　　Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 – December 14, 1974) was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War, coining the term "stereotype" in the modern psychological meaning, and critiquing media and democracy in his newspaper column and several books, most notably his 1922 book Public Opinion. His views regarding the role of journalism in a democracy were contrasted with the contemporaneous writings of John Dewey in what has been retrospectively named the Lippmann-Dewey debate. Lippmann won two Pulitzer Prizes, one for his syndicated newspaper column "Today and Tomorrow" and one for his 1961 interview of Nikita Khruschev.

　　2.沃爾特·李普曼

　　沃爾特·李普曼(1889年9月23日-1974年12月14日)，美國(guó)作家、記者、政治評(píng)論家，傳播學(xué)史上具有重要影響的學(xué)者之一，代表作《公眾輿論/輿論學(xué)》。撰有《政治導(dǎo)向》、《放任與駕馭》、《輿論學(xué)》、《良好的社會(huì)》、《共產(chǎn)主義世界與我們的世界》等30種著作，涉及哲學(xué)、政治學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、新聞學(xué)及外交等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

　　3.Thomas Aquinas

　　Thomas Aquinas, OP (1225 – 7 March 1274), also Thomas of Aquin or Aquino, was an Italian Dominican friar and Catholic priest and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the "Doctor Angelicus" and "Doctor Communis". "Aquinas" is from the county of Aquino, an area where his family held land until 1137. He was born in Roccasecca, Italy.

　　3.托馬斯·阿奎那

　　圣托馬斯·阿奎那(約1225年-1274年3月7日)是歐洲中世紀(jì)經(jīng)院派哲學(xué)家和神學(xué)家。他是自然神學(xué)最早的提倡者之一，也是托馬斯學(xué)派的創(chuàng)立者，成為天主教長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)研究哲學(xué)的重要根據(jù)。他所撰寫(xiě)的最知名著作是《神學(xué)大全》。天主教會(huì)認(rèn)為他是史上最偉大的神學(xué)家，將其評(píng)為三十五位教會(huì)圣師之一，也被稱作天使博士(天使圣師)或全能博士。