歷屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)介紹:第17任總統(tǒng) 安德魯·約翰遜

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　　Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States. He came to power following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1808 and grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed to a tailor as a boy, but ran away and opened a tailor shop in Tennessee. At the age of 18 he married Eliza McCardle, who taught him how to improve his reading and writing skills.

　　安德魯·約翰遜是美國(guó)第17任總統(tǒng)。亞伯拉罕·林肯刺殺之后，約翰遜成為了總統(tǒng)。1808年，約翰遜出生于北卡羅來(lái)納州的羅利，他的家境貧寒。孩童時(shí)期，他成為了一名學(xué)習(xí)裁縫的學(xué)徒，但是他離開(kāi)了這里，在田納西州開(kāi)了自己的裁縫鋪。18歲時(shí)與伊萊扎·麥卡德?tīng)柦Y(jié)婚，她教他提高自己的閱讀和寫(xiě)作水平。

　　Johnson participated in debates in Tennessee and organized a workers’ party. He was elected mayor in 1833 and sat in the Tennessee House of Representatives two years later. He served five terms before becoming Governor of Tennessee in 1853. Johnson then served in the United States Senate between 1857 and 1862. His political rise was almost complete when he became Vice President in 1865.

　　約翰遜參加了在田納西州的辯論會(huì)，并組織了工人黨。1883年，他選舉成為市長(zhǎng)，并在兩年之后代表田納西州成為了眾議議員。1853年，他成為了田納西州州長(zhǎng)，在這之前，他擔(dān)任了五任眾議議員。 18570-1862年，約翰遜成為了國(guó)家參議員。1865年他成為了美國(guó)副總統(tǒng)，那時(shí)他的政治道路幾乎已經(jīng)完成。

　　With the Assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, the Presidency fell upon Johnson. As President, he proceeded to reconstruct the former southern Confederate States. By the time Congress met in December 1865, mostsouthern states were reconstructed and slavery was being abolished. However, "black codes" to control the freed men were beginning to appear, which caused divisions in his party.

　　1865年4月，林肯遭到射殺，約翰遜隨即成為了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。作為總統(tǒng)，他重建了南部的聯(lián)邦各州。1865年，國(guó)會(huì)再次集結(jié)，當(dāng)時(shí)大部分的南方各州都得到了重建，并廢除了奴隸制。但是，“黑人法典”又開(kāi)始限制人身的自由，這引發(fā)了黨內(nèi)的分歧。

　　In March 1867, laws were passed placing restrictions upon the President. When Johnson allegedly violated one of these, the House tried to impeach him. He was tried by the Senate in the spring of 1868 and acquitted by one vote. Johnson purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867. He left office in 1869. In 1875, Tennessee returned Johnson to the Senate and he died months later, aged 66.

　　1867年3月，通過(guò)了總統(tǒng)任職期憲法案。如果約翰遜違反了法律中的一條，國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)將他彈劾。1868年春參議院將他逮捕，但是他以一票的優(yōu)勢(shì)被判無(wú)罪。1867年，約翰遜從俄羅斯帝國(guó)手中購(gòu)買(mǎi)下了阿拉斯加。1869年，卸任。1875年，田納西州讓約翰遜返回了參議院，數(shù)月后與世長(zhǎng)辭，享年66歲。

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