英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的修辭手法大全 寫(xiě)作文再也……

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對(duì)比.這種共性存在于人們的心里,而不是事物的自然屬性.

標(biāo)志詞常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

例如:

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2.Metaphor 隱喻,暗喻

隱喻是簡(jiǎn)縮了的明喻,是將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物,通過(guò)比較形成.

例如:

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

3.Metonymy 借喻,轉(zhuǎn)喻

借喻不直接說(shuō)出所要說(shuō)的事物,而使用另一個(gè)與之相關(guān)的事物名稱.

I.以容器代替內(nèi)容,例如:

1>.The kettle boils. 水開(kāi)了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安靜地坐著.

II.以資料.工具代替事物的名稱,例如:

Lend me your ears, please. 請(qǐng)聽(tīng)我說(shuō).

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亞全集

VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢(qián).

4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分,或特殊代替一般.

例如:

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整體)

他的廠里約有100名工人.

2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)

他是本世紀(jì)的牛頓.

3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整體代部分)

這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配.

5.Synaesthesia 通感,聯(lián)覺(jué),移覺(jué)

這種修辭法是以視.聽(tīng).觸.嗅.味等感覺(jué)直接描寫(xiě)事物.通感就是把不同感官的感覺(jué)溝通起來(lái)，借聯(lián)想引起感覺(jué)轉(zhuǎn)移，“以感覺(jué)寫(xiě)感覺(jué)”。

通感技巧的運(yùn)用，能突破語(yǔ)言的局限，豐富表情達(dá)意的審美情趣，起到增強(qiáng)文采的藝術(shù)效果。比如：欣賞建筑的重復(fù)與變化的樣式會(huì)聯(lián)想到音樂(lè)的重復(fù)與變化的節(jié)奏;聞到酸的東西會(huì)聯(lián)想到尖銳的物體;聽(tīng)到飄渺輕柔的音樂(lè)會(huì)聯(lián)想到薄薄的半透明的紗子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微風(fēng)過(guò)處送來(lái)縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的”。

例如:

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用視覺(jué)形容聽(tīng)覺(jué)，鳥(niǎo)落在樹(shù)上，由它發(fā)出的聲音聯(lián)想到百合花)

鳥(niǎo)兒落在樹(shù)上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音.

2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅覺(jué)形容聽(tīng)覺(jué))

品嘗Mozart的音樂(lè).

6.Personification 擬人

擬人是把生命賦予無(wú)生命的事物.

例如:

1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜擬人化)

2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鳥(niǎo)擬人化)

7.Hyperbole 夸張

夸張是以言過(guò)其實(shí)的說(shuō)法表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的.它可以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),增加表達(dá)效果..

例如:

1>.I beg a thousand pardons.

2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

8.Parallelism 排比, 平行

這種修辭法是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似,意思相關(guān),語(yǔ)氣一致的短語(yǔ).句子排列成串,形成一個(gè)整體.

例如:

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辭法

婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話.

例如:

1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽.

3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)

10.Allegory 諷喻,比方(原意“寓言”)

建立在假借過(guò)去或別處的事例與對(duì)象之上，傳達(dá)暗示，影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。

英文解釋：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英語(yǔ)專業(yè)《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程》一書(shū)

這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個(gè)方式的說(shuō)法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.

例如:

1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.

表層含義：趁著出太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候曬草

真正意味：趁熱打鐵

2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.

表層含義：是時(shí)候把犁變成劍

11.Irony 反語(yǔ)

反語(yǔ)指用相反意義的詞來(lái)表達(dá)意思的作文方式.如在指責(zé)過(guò)失.錯(cuò)誤時(shí),用贊同過(guò)失的說(shuō)法,而在表?yè)P(yáng)時(shí),則近乎責(zé)難的說(shuō)法.

例如:

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

早上沒(méi)有時(shí)間觀念還真是一件好事啊(真實(shí)含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時(shí)間觀念)

2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

12.Pun 雙關(guān)

雙關(guān)就是用一個(gè)詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發(fā)揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側(cè)擊,從而達(dá)到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn).

例如:

1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

13.Parody 仿擬

這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語(yǔ),改動(dòng)其中部分詞語(yǔ),從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭.

例如:

1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.

14.Rhetorical question 修辭疑問(wèn)(反問(wèn))

它與疑問(wèn)句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的,而是以疑問(wèn)為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點(diǎn)是:肯定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈否定,而否定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

例如:

1>.How was it possible target=_blank class=infotextkey>possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

15.Antithesis 對(duì)照,對(duì)比,對(duì)偶

這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語(yǔ)句排在一起對(duì)比的一種修辭方法.

例如:

1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.

2>.You are staying; I am going.

3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.

16.Paradox 雋語(yǔ)

這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)法,是一種矛盾修辭法..

例如:

1>.More haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá)

2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年時(shí)代可決定人之未來(lái))三歲看大，四歲看老。