外國(guó)人最想和你聊的名人話題：米開(kāi)朗基羅

　About Michelangelo　關(guān)于米開(kāi)朗基羅

     Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.
     Michelangelo's output in every field during his long life was prodigious; when the sheer volume of correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also taken into account; he is the best documented artist of the 16th century. Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty. Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: The Scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at the Laurentian Library. At 74 he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. Michelangelo transformed the plan, the western end being finished to Michelangelo's design, the dome being completed after his death with some modification.
     In a demonstration of Michelangelo's unique standing, he was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive. Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime; one of them, by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all artistic achievement since the beginning of the Renaissance, a viewpoint that continued to have currency in art history for centuries. In his lifetime he was also often called Il Divino ("the divine one"). One of the qualities most admired by his contemporaries was his terribilità, a sense of awe-inspiring grandeur, and it was the attempts of subsequent artists to imitate Michelangelo's impassioned and highly personal style that resulted in Mannerism, the next major movement in Western art after the High Renaissance.
     米開(kāi)朗基羅生活在意大利社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的年代，顛沛流離的生活使他對(duì)所生活的時(shí)代產(chǎn)生了懷疑。痛苦失望之余，他在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中傾注著自己的思想，同時(shí)也在尋找著自己的理想，并創(chuàng)造了一系列如巨人般體格雄偉、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)勇猛的英雄形象。
     《大衛(wèi)》就是這種思想最杰出的代表。大衛(wèi)是圣經(jīng)中的少年英雄，曾經(jīng)殺死侵略猶太人的非利士巨人哥利亞，保衛(wèi)了祖國(guó)的城市和人民。米開(kāi)朗基羅沒(méi)有沿用前人表現(xiàn)大衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)勝敵人后將敵人頭顱踩在腳下的場(chǎng)景，而是選擇了大衛(wèi)迎接戰(zhàn)斗時(shí)的狀態(tài)。在這件作品中，大衛(wèi)是一個(gè)肌肉發(fā)達(dá)，體格勻稱的青年壯士形象。他充滿自信地站立著，英姿颯爽，左手拿石塊，右手下垂，頭向左側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)著，面容英俊，炯炯有神的雙眼凝視著遠(yuǎn)方，仿佛正在向地平線的遠(yuǎn)處搜索著敵人，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備投入一場(chǎng)新的戰(zhàn)斗。大衛(wèi)體格雄偉健美，神態(tài)勇敢堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，身體、臉部和肌肉緊張而飽滿，體現(xiàn)著外在的和內(nèi)在的全部理想化的男性美。這位少年英雄怒目直視著前方，表情中充滿了全神貫注的緊張情緒和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志，身體中積蓄的偉大力量似乎隨時(shí)可以爆發(fā)出來(lái)。與前人表現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后情景的習(xí)慣不同，米開(kāi)朗基羅在這里塑造的是人物產(chǎn)生激情之前的瞬間，使作品在藝術(shù)上顯得更加具有感染力。他的姿態(tài)似乎是在休息，但軀體姿態(tài)表現(xiàn)出的某種緊張情緒，使人有強(qiáng)烈的"靜中有動(dòng)"的感覺(jué)。雕像是用整塊的石料雕刻而成，為使雕像在基座上顯得更加雄偉壯觀，藝術(shù)家有意放大了人物的頭部和兩個(gè)胳膊，使得大衛(wèi)在觀眾的視角中顯得愈加挺拔有力，充滿了巨人感。這尊雕像被認(rèn)為是西方美術(shù)史上最值得夸耀的男性人體雕像之一。
Part 2 Key words ＆ Sentences　關(guān)鍵詞句全知道
     Michelangelo's David is just one of the artist's many masterpieces.
     米開(kāi)朗基羅的《大衛(wèi)》雕像是他的許多杰作之一。
     What about Michelangelo or Picasso? Was painting a hobby for them, too?
     米開(kāi)朗基羅跟畢加索呢? 畫(huà)畫(huà)對(duì)他們來(lái)講也是一種嗜好嗎?。
     Rodin climbing life, and finally to board another peak after Michelangelo.
     羅丹一生攀登，并終于登上米開(kāi)朗基羅之后的又一高峰。
     Michelangelo is considered to be one of the greatest artists in renaissance.
     米開(kāi)朗基羅被認(rèn)為是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期最偉大的藝術(shù)家之一。
     Only a few feet away is Michelangelo's small wax model for one of his slaves.
     就在離他不遠(yuǎn)處是米開(kāi)朗基羅嬌小的蠟質(zhì)雕像，那是為他的一位奴隸制作的。
     Art is an acquired taste-no one is born knowing that Michelangelo is wonderful.
     藝術(shù)是一種后天養(yǎng)成的興趣，沒(méi)有人生來(lái)就知道米開(kāi)朗基羅作品的美妙。
     In Italy, Dario Cecchiniknown as the Michelangelo of meat elevates grilling to an art form.
     意大利的達(dá)利歐就像肉品界的米開(kāi)朗基羅，把烤肉升華為一種藝術(shù)。
     Experts are hailing the clean-up of Michelangelo's statue David, half-way through the restoration.
     米開(kāi)朗基羅的"大衛(wèi)"雕像正在清潔和修復(fù)中，專家們?yōu)榇斯恼茪g呼。
     One of the greatest sculptors of the Italian Renaissance, and probably of all time, was Michelangelo.
     意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期--也可能是所有時(shí)代--最偉大的雕塑家之一是米開(kāi)朗基羅。
     Michelangelo, though, wasn't very interested in school and spent much more time drawing than studying.
     盡管米開(kāi)朗基羅身在學(xué)校，他就是無(wú)心向?qū)W，把大量的讀書(shū)時(shí)間用來(lái)繪畫(huà)。
     There are many books about Michelangelo.
     關(guān)于米開(kāi)朗基羅的書(shū)很多。
     Whether in painting sculpture or architecture Michelangelo's influence on the western art has been immense.
     無(wú)論是繪畫(huà)，雕塑還是建筑，米開(kāi)朗基羅對(duì)于西方藝術(shù)的影響都是深遠(yuǎn)的。
     Pope Paul III asked Michelangelo to paint the wall of the Sistine Chapel above the altar.
     教皇保羅三世任命米開(kāi)朗基羅為西斯廷教堂祭壇上方的墻壁作畫(huà)。
     Rodin is the most famous sculptor since Michelangelo: people love Rodin, Michelangelo is merely respected.
     羅丹是自米開(kāi)朗基羅之后最著名的雕刻家：人們熱愛(ài)羅丹，對(duì)米開(kāi)朗基羅則只是尊敬。
     He also studied the hundreds of letters written by Michelangelo to more fully understand the artist's personality.
     他還研究了數(shù)以百計(jì)的米開(kāi)朗基羅書(shū)寫(xiě)的信件，以便更充分地了解這位藝術(shù)家的個(gè)性。
     To Michelangelo, the master sculptor's job was to clear away what was not the image and reveal the masterpiece inside the stone.
     對(duì)于米開(kāi)朗基羅來(lái)說(shuō)，雕刻大師的任務(wù)就是把那些不屬于形象的部分清理掉去揭露出石頭內(nèi)部的那個(gè)杰作。
     His group has already created a high-quality rendering of Michelangelo's David that can be viewed with the Lighting Sensitive Display.
     他的小組已經(jīng)為米開(kāi)朗基羅的大衛(wèi)雕像制作出可用亮度感應(yīng)顯示器觀賞的高畫(huà)質(zhì)影像。
     In the biographies of great artists, men like Leonardo and Michelangelo, we hear the first references to the glories of practical activity.
     里奧納多和米開(kāi)朗基羅等大藝術(shù)家的傳記中首次提到了實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的偉大性。
     Michelangelo is a master of the depiction of light.
     米開(kāi)朗基羅是處理光影的大師。
     A 26-year old Michelangelo sculpted David, who is more than 4 meters high, between 1502 and 1504 from a single piece of poor quality marble other sculptors had rejected.
     在1502到1504年間，26歲的米開(kāi)朗基羅利用一塊其他雕刻家都看不上眼、質(zhì)量很差的大理石創(chuàng)作了4米多高的"大衛(wèi)"雕像。
     In 1501 Michelangelo began his next masterpiece a statue of the Bible hero David.
     在1501年，米開(kāi)朗基羅開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作另一件作品，圣經(jīng)里大衛(wèi)的英雄雕像。
Part 3 Let's Talk！　開(kāi)始交流吧！
     Mike: Look, it's the David sculpture.
     麥克：看，這是大衛(wèi)雕像。
     Daisy: It's so beautiful.
     黛西：好漂亮啊。
     Mike: It's a wonderful artwork.
     麥克：這是個(gè)偉大的藝術(shù)作品。
     Daisy: I don't know anything about art, but I really like it.
     黛西：我雖然對(duì)藝術(shù)一竅不通，但我真的很喜歡這個(gè)雕像。
     Mike: I believe it's Michelangelo who made it.
     麥克：我記得是米開(kāi)朗基羅雕刻成的。
     Daisy: Right, it must have cost him a lot of energy.
     黛西：對(duì)，這一定花了他很多精力。
     Mike: Do you know any other works of him?
     麥克：你知道他的其他作品嗎？
     Daisy: I remember he likes to paint heroes in the Bible.
     黛西：我記得他非常喜歡畫(huà)《圣經(jīng)》中的英雄形象。
     Mike: Is he a pious Christian?
     麥克：他是個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的基督徒嗎？
     Daisy: I believe he is.
     黛西：我相信他是的。
     Mike: There is an art exhibition about him.
     麥克：那里有個(gè)關(guān)于他的藝術(shù)展覽。
     Daisy: Let's go inside to have a look.
     黛西：我們進(jìn)去看看吧。