介詞短語(yǔ)在句中分析與翻譯的實(shí)例

1.You can already buy small video telephones，withbuiltin-screen and cameras，that transmit stillimages over regular telephone lines to anyone elsewith avideo telephone.

現(xiàn)在已能買(mǎi)到小型的電視電話(huà)機(jī)，機(jī)上裝有屏幕和攝像機(jī)，可以通過(guò)平常的電話(huà)線(xiàn)把靜止的圖像傳送給任何一個(gè)有電視電話(huà)的人。(with...canleras用作獨(dú)立定語(yǔ)，修飾telephones。)

2.The scientific worker attempts to formulatethese problems in accurate terms and tosolve　them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collected by observation andexperiment.

科學(xué)工作者力圖精確地描述這些問(wèn)題，然后根據(jù)通過(guò)觀(guān)察和實(shí)驗(yàn)收集到的有關(guān)事實(shí)來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題。(介詞短語(yǔ)in accurate terms作方式方法狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明to formulate。in the light...experiment作方式方法狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明tosolve。)

3.The atom is analogous to a miniature solar system，with a nucleus as the“sun''’andelectrons as the“planets''’revolving in orbits around the nucleus.

原子類(lèi)似于一個(gè)小型太陽(yáng)系，原子核可看作“太陽(yáng)”，電子可看作是沿軌道繞著核旋轉(zhuǎn)的‘行星”?！?analogous to，　“與……相似”。with a nucleus as..，and(with) electrons as...是 with引出的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)對(duì)solar system作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。)

4.The unit of heat on the c.g.s.system is the calorie，which is established as theamount of　heat required to raise one gramme of water by one degree centigrade.

熱的厘米·克·秒制單位是卡，將1克水升高攝氏1度所需的熱量定為1卡。(c.g.s.system=centimeter-gramsecond system，“厘米·克·秒制”。介詞短語(yǔ)on...system作定語(yǔ)，修飾unit。

by所引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)是raise要求的，這里by表示數(shù)量增減的絕對(duì)值。例如：increase by　10%，“增加10%”;decrease by two orders of magnitude，“減小兩個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)”。)

5.Sometimes the individual crystals，with plane faces and sharp edges and corners，arevisible　to the naked eye,and sometimes they can be seen only under a microscope.

單晶有時(shí)用肉眼就能看得到，有時(shí)只有在顯微鏡下才能看得見(jiàn)，這種單晶有著平的晶面和銳利的棱角。(with plane faces...corners是介詞短語(yǔ)用作獨(dú)立定語(yǔ)，修飾crystals。)

6.Modern Japan and other Oriental countries are emerging with the irresistible urge forbetter standards of living and anovel，　powerful role in the world’s economy.

在不可阻擋地迫切要求提高生活水平和在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮新的、強(qiáng)有力的作用的驅(qū)使下，現(xiàn)代的日本和其他東方國(guó)家正在崛起。(with...economy有條件狀語(yǔ)的意味，用來(lái)修飾emerging。)

7.Liquids，however，are highly incompressible;that is，very large pressures，of the orderof thousands of tons per square inch，are required to diminish their volumes appreciably.

但是，液體是非常不易壓縮的;要明顯地壓縮液體的體積，就需要巨大的壓力，其數(shù)量級(jí)達(dá)每平方英寸幾千噸。(介詞短語(yǔ)of the order...inch是獨(dú)立定語(yǔ)，修飾pressures。)

8.One suggestion has been the use of mixtures of two different types of insecticide，withthe idea that one of them should eliminate the individuals resistant to the other.

有一種設(shè)想是使用兩種不同類(lèi)型的混合殺蟲(chóng)劑，其想法是如果害蟲(chóng)對(duì)其中之一有抗藥性，那么另一種就能殺死它。(介詞短語(yǔ)with the idea一.the other作two types of insecticide的定語(yǔ)，對(duì)它作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。that引導(dǎo)的從句作idea的同位語(yǔ)。resistand to the other是形容詞短語(yǔ)作individuals定語(yǔ)。)

9.The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness，witha temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero.

水星背向太陽(yáng)的那一面，卻永遠(yuǎn)處于黑暗之中，那里的溫度僅比絕對(duì)零度高幾度。(with a temperatureabove對(duì)the side of Mercury補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。)

10.No distinction can be drawn between pure and applied science in terms of differences inthe training or competence of workers，　or in organization，　or in method，or even in theimmediate outcome of the work.

不能根據(jù)工作人員的訓(xùn)練程度和資格、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、研究方法甚至研究工作的直接成果等方面的差別來(lái)劃分理論科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)的界線(xiàn)。(between.一science作定語(yǔ)，修飾distinction。in terms of...作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明can be drawn。)

11.An object with at least one easily measurable property which changes apprecially whilethe obiect is coming to thermal equilibrium may be used as a temperature-measuring device，orthermometer.

當(dāng)一種物質(zhì)進(jìn)入熱平衡時(shí)，至少具有一種變化顯著因而易于測(cè)量的特性，這種物質(zhì)可用來(lái)作為測(cè)溫裝置，即溫度計(jì)。(with一.equilibrium用作定語(yǔ)，修飾An object。)

12.If we could go on an imaginary journey from the surface to the centre of a star such asthe Sun，we would find a steady increase in temperature and pressure.

如果我們能從像太陽(yáng)這樣的恒星的表面到其中心作一次想像的旅行，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)溫度和壓力將持續(xù)不斷地增加。(from...to...the Sun用作定語(yǔ)，修飾journey。)

13.The fact that a compass needle assulnes a northsouth direction leads to the conclusionthat the earth must be a magnet，　with the space all around it constituting a huge magneticfield.

指南針指向南北方向這一事實(shí)可導(dǎo)出這樣的結(jié)論：地球必定是一個(gè)磁體，地球周?chē)乃锌臻g構(gòu)成了一個(gè)巨大的磁場(chǎng)。(句中兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的都是同位語(yǔ)從句。with...field是分詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。)

14.The second aspect is the application by all members of society，from the governmentofficials to the ordinary citizen，of the special methods of thought and action that scientists usein their　work。

第二方面涉及從政府官員到普通公民等所有社會(huì)成員運(yùn)用科學(xué)家在工作中所用的思維和行動(dòng)的特定方法。(from.。.to...作非限定性定語(yǔ)修飾members。by和of所引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)均修飾theapplication，of...短語(yǔ)被兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)了。)

15.Chemistry has two main aspects：descriptive chemistry，the discovery and tabulation ofchemical facts;and theoretical chemistry，the formulation of theories that，uponverification，unify these facts and combine them into a system。

化學(xué)有兩個(gè)主要方面：敘述性化學(xué)，即化學(xué)事實(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)和制表;理論化學(xué)，即對(duì)化學(xué)理論的系統(tǒng)闡述，根據(jù)驗(yàn)證把化學(xué)事實(shí)統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，從而歸納成一個(gè)體系。(the discovery...facts是descriptive chemistry的同位語(yǔ)，the formulation...a system是theoretical chemistry的同位語(yǔ)，其中that引出定語(yǔ)從句，upon verification用作狀語(yǔ)。)

16.Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force directly proportionalto the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of thedistance between them.

宇宙中每一物體都以一引力吸引另外的每一物體，該引力與兩物體質(zhì)量的乘積成正比，而與兩物體之間的距離平方成反比。(with a force...是狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明attracts。directly proponional　to..，“與……成正比”;inversely proportional to..，“與……成反比”。這兩個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明force。)

17.For an ltalian contemplating anything from paying his taxes to getting a peddler''slicense　or collecting an old age pension，the nation''s million-man bureaucracy is a nightmare。

對(duì)意大利人來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)論打算做什么事，從納稅到申請(qǐng)零售商執(zhí)照或領(lǐng)取老年人的退休金， 全國(guó)上百萬(wàn)個(gè)官僚主義者真令人不寒而栗。(For..。pension介詞短語(yǔ)是nightmare“惡夢(mèng)”要 求的。例：It was anightmare for me。from...to...pension作定語(yǔ)修飾anything。)

18.Scientists in the U.S. , Western Europe and Japan are pushing hard toward astillmuch-in-the-future optical computer that uses photons rather than electrons for number-crunching efficiency.

美國(guó)、西歐和日本的科學(xué)家們正在全力以赴地研制那種更富光明前景的光子計(jì)算機(jī)，該機(jī)將利用光子而不是電子來(lái)提高數(shù)據(jù)處理的效率。(use...for..，用……來(lái)……)

19.With the invention of the electromagnetic generator in the latter part of the nineteenthcentury，it became possible to convent the energy of burning fuel to electricity which could thenbe　transmitted to distant points for Use.

19世紀(jì)末葉，由于發(fā)明了電磁發(fā)電機(jī)，從而有可能把燃燒燃料而獲得的能量轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔埽缓笤佥斔偷竭b遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)使用。(convent...to..·，把……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?hellip;…。)

20.If a piece of rock，of anything else，one inch in diameter were magnified to the size ofthe earth，its constituent atoms would become about the size of tennis balls.

如果把直徑為1英寸的一塊巖石或一塊別的什么東西放大到地球那樣大，那么它的組成原子大約會(huì)變成網(wǎng)球那么大。(ofanythingdse前后有逗號(hào)，是非限定性定語(yǔ)，修飾apiece。)