介詞短語在句中分析與翻譯的實例

1.You can already buy small video telephones，withbuiltin-screen and cameras，that transmit stillimages over regular telephone lines to anyone elsewith avideo telephone.

現(xiàn)在已能買到小型的電視電話機，機上裝有屏幕和攝像機，可以通過平常的電話線把靜止的圖像傳送給任何一個有電視電話的人。(with...canleras用作獨立定語，修飾telephones。)

2.The scientific worker attempts to formulatethese problems in accurate terms and tosolve　them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collected by observation andexperiment.

科學工作者力圖精確地描述這些問題，然后根據(jù)通過觀察和實驗收集到的有關事實來解決這些問題。(介詞短語in accurate terms作方式方法狀語，說明to formulate。in the light...experiment作方式方法狀語，說明tosolve。)

3.The atom is analogous to a miniature solar system，with a nucleus as the“sun''’andelectrons as the“planets''’revolving in orbits around the nucleus.

原子類似于一個小型太陽系，原子核可看作“太陽”，電子可看作是沿軌道繞著核旋轉(zhuǎn)的‘行星”。　(analogous to，　“與……相似”。with a nucleus as..，and(with) electrons as...是 with引出的復合結(jié)構，用來對solar system作補充說明。)

4.The unit of heat on the c.g.s.system is the calorie，which is established as theamount of　heat required to raise one gramme of water by one degree centigrade.

熱的厘米·克·秒制單位是卡，將1克水升高攝氏1度所需的熱量定為1卡。(c.g.s.system=centimeter-gramsecond system，“厘米·克·秒制”。介詞短語on...system作定語，修飾unit。

by所引導的介詞短語是raise要求的，這里by表示數(shù)量增減的絕對值。例如：increase by　10%，“增加10%”;decrease by two orders of magnitude，“減小兩個數(shù)量級”。)

5.Sometimes the individual crystals，with plane faces and sharp edges and corners，arevisible　to the naked eye,and sometimes they can be seen only under a microscope.

單晶有時用肉眼就能看得到，有時只有在顯微鏡下才能看得見，這種單晶有著平的晶面和銳利的棱角。(with plane faces...corners是介詞短語用作獨立定語，修飾crystals。)

6.Modern Japan and other Oriental countries are emerging with the irresistible urge forbetter standards of living and anovel，　powerful role in the world’s economy.

在不可阻擋地迫切要求提高生活水平和在世界經(jīng)濟中發(fā)揮新的、強有力的作用的驅(qū)使下，現(xiàn)代的日本和其他東方國家正在崛起。(with...economy有條件狀語的意味，用來修飾emerging。)

7.Liquids，however，are highly incompressible;that is，very large pressures，of the orderof thousands of tons per square inch，are required to diminish their volumes appreciably.

但是，液體是非常不易壓縮的;要明顯地壓縮液體的體積，就需要巨大的壓力，其數(shù)量級達每平方英寸幾千噸。(介詞短語of the order...inch是獨立定語，修飾pressures。)

8.One suggestion has been the use of mixtures of two different types of insecticide，withthe idea that one of them should eliminate the individuals resistant to the other.

有一種設想是使用兩種不同類型的混合殺蟲劑，其想法是如果害蟲對其中之一有抗藥性，那么另一種就能殺死它。(介詞短語with the idea一.the other作two types of insecticide的定語，對它作補充說明。that引導的從句作idea的同位語。resistand to the other是形容詞短語作individuals定語。)

9.The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness，witha temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero.

水星背向太陽的那一面，卻永遠處于黑暗之中，那里的溫度僅比絕對零度高幾度。(with a temperatureabove對the side of Mercury補充說明。)

10.No distinction can be drawn between pure and applied science in terms of differences inthe training or competence of workers，　or in organization，　or in method，or even in theimmediate outcome of the work.

不能根據(jù)工作人員的訓練程度和資格、組織機構、研究方法甚至研究工作的直接成果等方面的差別來劃分理論科學與應用科學的界線。(between.一science作定語，修飾distinction。in terms of...作狀語，說明can be drawn。)

11.An object with at least one easily measurable property which changes apprecially whilethe obiect is coming to thermal equilibrium may be used as a temperature-measuring device，orthermometer.

當一種物質(zhì)進入熱平衡時，至少具有一種變化顯著因而易于測量的特性，這種物質(zhì)可用來作為測溫裝置，即溫度計。(with一.equilibrium用作定語，修飾An object。)

12.If we could go on an imaginary journey from the surface to the centre of a star such asthe Sun，we would find a steady increase in temperature and pressure.

如果我們能從像太陽這樣的恒星的表面到其中心作一次想像的旅行，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)溫度和壓力將持續(xù)不斷地增加。(from...to...the Sun用作定語，修飾journey。)

13.The fact that a compass needle assulnes a northsouth direction leads to the conclusionthat the earth must be a magnet，　with the space all around it constituting a huge magneticfield.

指南針指向南北方向這一事實可導出這樣的結(jié)論：地球必定是一個磁體，地球周圍的所有空間構成了一個巨大的磁場。(句中兩個that引導的都是同位語從句。with...field是分詞復合結(jié)構，起補充說明作用。)

14.The second aspect is the application by all members of society，from the governmentofficials to the ordinary citizen，of the special methods of thought and action that scientists usein their　work。

第二方面涉及從政府官員到普通公民等所有社會成員運用科學家在工作中所用的思維和行動的特定方法。(from.。.to...作非限定性定語修飾members。by和of所引導的兩個介詞短語均修飾theapplication，of...短語被兩個介詞短語分隔開了。)

15.Chemistry has two main aspects：descriptive chemistry，the discovery and tabulation ofchemical facts;and theoretical chemistry，the formulation of theories that，uponverification，unify these facts and combine them into a system。

化學有兩個主要方面：敘述性化學，即化學事實的發(fā)現(xiàn)和制表;理論化學，即對化學理論的系統(tǒng)闡述，根據(jù)驗證把化學事實統(tǒng)一起來，從而歸納成一個體系。(the discovery...facts是descriptive chemistry的同位語，the formulation...a system是theoretical chemistry的同位語，其中that引出定語從句，upon verification用作狀語。)

16.Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force directly proportionalto the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of thedistance between them.

宇宙中每一物體都以一引力吸引另外的每一物體，該引力與兩物體質(zhì)量的乘積成正比，而與兩物體之間的距離平方成反比。(with a force...是狀語，說明attracts。directly proponional　to..，“與……成正比”;inversely proportional to..，“與……成反比”。這兩個形容詞短語用來說明force。)

17.For an ltalian contemplating anything from paying his taxes to getting a peddler''slicense　or collecting an old age pension，the nation''s million-man bureaucracy is a nightmare。

對意大利人來說，無論打算做什么事，從納稅到申請零售商執(zhí)照或領取老年人的退休金， 全國上百萬個官僚主義者真令人不寒而栗。(For..。pension介詞短語是nightmare“惡夢”要 求的。例：It was anightmare for me。from...to...pension作定語修飾anything。)

18.Scientists in the U.S. , Western Europe and Japan are pushing hard toward astillmuch-in-the-future optical computer that uses photons rather than electrons for number-crunching efficiency.

美國、西歐和日本的科學家們正在全力以赴地研制那種更富光明前景的光子計算機，該機將利用光子而不是電子來提高數(shù)據(jù)處理的效率。(use...for..，用……來……)

19.With the invention of the electromagnetic generator in the latter part of the nineteenthcentury，it became possible to convent the energy of burning fuel to electricity which could thenbe　transmitted to distant points for Use.

19世紀末葉，由于發(fā)明了電磁發(fā)電機，從而有可能把燃燒燃料而獲得的能量轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔?，然后再輸送到遙遠的地區(qū)使用。(convent...to..·，把……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?hellip;…。)

20.If a piece of rock，of anything else，one inch in diameter were magnified to the size ofthe earth，its constituent atoms would become about the size of tennis balls.

如果把直徑為1英寸的一塊巖石或一塊別的什么東西放大到地球那樣大，那么它的組成原子大約會變成網(wǎng)球那么大。(ofanythingdse前后有逗號，是非限定性定語，修飾apiece。)