常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 82 Flying High with Sugar Gliders 叫我小飛俠

Flying High with Sugar Gliders 叫我小飛俠

by Chris Brown

Meet a high-flyer with a taste for sweet treats.

來(lái)看看嗜吃甜食的空中飛鼠。

The next time you find yourself in a forest in Australia, look up. You might just see a small, grey, furry mammal with big eyes sailing through the air. These animals are called sugar gliders. You''d be lucky to see one, _(1)_, because they are small, timid, and nocturnal.

If you do get a _(2)_ of a sugar glider, you might notice that when it is soaring through the tree tops, its skin stretches out between its arms and legs, almost in the shape of a square. This remarkable adaptation allows these animals to glide gently from tree to tree by increasing their surface area. Some sugar gliders can fly for distances of _(3)_ one hundred meters!

If you were gliding through a forest, you would probably not want to _(4)_ any trees. Fortunately, the sugar glider has a long tail to help it steer while gliding. It can also move its arms and legs to steer, and just before arriving at its destination, it brings its hind legs forward _(5)_ it can grab the tree trunk with all four limbs.

Sugar gliders are a type of possum native _(6)_ Australia. They get their name from their _(7)_ for sweet foods like flower nectar, acacia gum, and the sap from eucalyptus trees, although they also eat insects. They rarely descend to the ground so as to avoid any predators that might be waiting there.

1. (A) therefore(B) though (C) otherwise (D) likewise

2. (A) scene (B) watch (C) vision (D) glimpse

3. (A) up to (B) next to (C) such as (D) as much as

4. (A) kick off (B) burst out (C) run into (D) go after

5. (A) in that (B) now that (C) except that (D) so that

6. (A) in (B) for (C) to (D) with

7. (A) emotion (B) preference (C) sympathy (D) frequency

You'd be lucky to see one, though, because they are small, timid, and nocturnal.

理由:

a. therefore(因此)為副詞，使用時(shí)，可置于句首，其后加逗點(diǎn);或置于兩子句中，其前置分號(hào)，其后加逗點(diǎn);亦可作插入語(yǔ)用，前后以逗點(diǎn)相隔。而本空格位于主要子句的句尾，故 (A) 不可選。

例: It started to rain. Therefore, we decided to stay home.

(開(kāi)始下雨了，因此我們決定留在家里。)

b. though(不過(guò)，但是)可作副詞用，使用時(shí)通常置于句尾，其前加逗點(diǎn)，或置于句中作插入語(yǔ)，兩旁以逗點(diǎn)相隔。此處 though 置入空格后，符合語(yǔ)意、用法，故 (B) 為正選。

例: Richard is an American. He acts like a Chinese person, though.

(理查德是美國(guó)人，不過(guò)他的行為舉止卻像中國(guó)人。)

c. otherwise(否則)亦是副詞，使用時(shí)通常置于句首或兩子句中，而不置于句尾，故 (C) 不可選。

例: You should go to the store right now. Otherwise, you''ll forget to do it.

(你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就去商店，否則到時(shí)候你會(huì)忘記。)

d. likewise(同樣地)為副詞，使用時(shí)通常置于句首，其后加逗點(diǎn)，或置于句中動(dòng)詞之后。因此 (D) 亦不合用法而不可選。

likewise adv. 同樣地

例: The traffic here is terrible; likewise, the air is almost unbreathable.

(這里的交通很亂;同樣地，空氣也幾乎讓人無(wú)法呼吸。)

例: I operate the machine carefully, and you should do likewise.

(我小心操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器，而你也該這么做。)

If you do get a glimpse of a sugar glider, you might notice that when it is soaring through the tree tops, its skin stretches out between its arms and legs, almost in the shape of a square.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試下列固定用法：

get a glimpse of...　　瞥見(jiàn)……

glimpsen. 瞥見(jiàn)

例: We got a glimpse of the singer just as he was leaving the restaurant.

(就在那位歌手離開(kāi)餐廳時(shí)，我們看見(jiàn)了他。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，故選 (D)。scene 表『風(fēng)景』，watch 表『注視;注意』，vision 表『視力』，置入后均不合語(yǔ)意及用法，故 (A)、(B)、(C) 不可選。

Some sugar gliders can fly for distances of up to one hundred meters!

理由:

a. (A) up to...　　多達(dá)……(與數(shù)字并用)

例: Polar bears can weigh up to 600 kgs.

(北極熊可重達(dá) 6 百公斤。)

(B) next to...　　緊鄰……;在……旁邊

例: My father is the one standing next to me in this picture.

(我爸爸就是照片中站在我旁邊的那位。)

(C) such as...　　諸如∕像……之類(置于復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后)

例: I like fruits such as mangoes and apples.

(我喜歡像芒果和蘋(píng)果之類的水果。)

(D) as much as...　　數(shù)量多達(dá)……(用于表不可數(shù)名詞的涵義中)

例: She earns as much as ten thousand dollars a month.

(她每個(gè)月賺 10 萬(wàn)元之多。)

b. 空格后為數(shù)字加復(fù)數(shù)名詞 one hundred meters，根據(jù)上述，僅 (A) 置入后符合語(yǔ)意及用法，表『多達(dá)』1 百公尺，故選之。as much as 之后雖可接數(shù)字，但其后的名詞必須有不可數(shù)名詞的涵義，如 dollars(表『金錢(qián)』的涵義)，故 (D) 不可選。

If you were gliding through a forest, you would probably not want to run into any trees.

理由:

a. (A) kick off...　　踢開(kāi)……

例: Tim kicked off his shoes and threw off his coat when he got home.

(提姆回到家便踢掉鞋子，脫掉了外套。)

(B) burst out V-ing　　突然……起來(lái)

例: Lisa burst out crying at her son''s funeral.

(莉莎在她兒子的葬禮上放聲大哭起來(lái)。)

(C) run into...　　撞到……;偶然碰到……

例: I ran into an old friend of mine on my way to the station.

(我在往車站途中與老友不期而遇。)

(D) go after...　　追趕……;追求……

例: The dog went after the terrified cat.

(這只狗追著那只受到驚嚇的貓跑。)

b. 根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (C)，表在滑翔時(shí)，不會(huì)想『撞上』任何樹(shù)之意。

It can also move its arms and legs to steer, and just before arriving at its destination, it brings its hind legs forward so that it can grab the tree trunk with all four limbs.

理由:

a. (A) in that...　　因?yàn)?hellip;…

例: Bill is a good employee in that he never complains.

(比爾是個(gè)好員工，因?yàn)樗麖膩?lái)不發(fā)牢騷。)

(B) now that...　　既然∕現(xiàn)在……

注意:

now that 為副詞連接詞，且因受 now 之影響，其所引導(dǎo)的副詞子句中，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須為現(xiàn)在式或現(xiàn)在完成式。

例: Now that everyone is here, we can begin the meeting.

(既然大家都在這兒，我們就可以開(kāi)會(huì)了。)

(C) except that...　　要不是∕除了……

例: I would like to buy this cell phone except that it''s a bit too expensive.

(要不是太貴了點(diǎn)，我倒想買(mǎi)這支手機(jī)。)

(D) so that...　　如此∕以便……

= in order that...

注意:

so that/in order that 為表示『目的』的副詞連接詞，且在所引導(dǎo)的副詞子句中，通常要有助動(dòng)詞 may/might、can/could 或 will/would。

例: John got up at three in the morning so that he would make his flight.

(約翰凌晨 3 點(diǎn)就起床，以便搭上他的班機(jī)。)

b. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (D) so that，表『以便』可以用四肢抓住樹(shù)干之意。

Sugar gliders are a type of possum native to Australia.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試下列固定用法：

be native to + 地方　　是某地所特有的

= be indigenous to + 地方

= be unique to + 地方

indigenousa. 土產(chǎn)的：本地的

例: This kind of insect is native to this island.

(這種昆蟲(chóng)原產(chǎn)于這座島。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，可知應(yīng)選 (C)。本句實(shí)為：

Sugar gliders are a type of possum which is native to Australia.

They get their name from their preference for sweet foods like flower nectar, acacia gum, and the sap from eucalyptus trees, although they also eat insects.

理由:

a. (A) emotion n. 感情;情緒

(B) preference n. 偏愛(ài)

have a preference for...　　對(duì)……有偏好

例: Many of my friends enjoy dancing, but I have a preference for singing.

(我許多朋友都喜歡跳舞，但我偏好唱歌。)

(C) sympathy n. 同情

have sympathy for...　　同情……

例: Stan has sympathy for people who have few educational opportunities.

(史丹對(duì)沒(méi)什么機(jī)會(huì)接受教育的人感到同情。)

(D) frequency n. 頻率

b. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，可知應(yīng)選 (B) preference，表蜜袋鼯因?yàn)椤合埠谩换?、阿拉伯膠和尤佳利樹(shù)汁等甜食而得名。

1. sugar glider n. 蜜袋鼯

2. mammal n. 哺乳動(dòng)物

3. timid a. 膽小的

4. nocturnal a. 夜行性的

5. remarkable a. 卓越的;非凡的

6. adaptation n. 適應(yīng)

7. glide vi. 滑行;滑翔

8. destination n. 目的地，終點(diǎn)

9. hind a. 后面的

10. limb n. 肢;臂;腳

11. possum n. 袋貂

12. nectar n. 花蜜

13. acacia gum n. 阿拉伯膠

14. sap n. 樹(shù)汁

15. eucalyptus n. 尤佳利樹(shù)

16. predator n. 掠食者

prey n. 獵物

下一次你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處澳洲森林時(shí)，抬頭看。你或許會(huì)看到一只嬌小、毛茸茸的灰色哺乳類動(dòng)物，張著牠的大眼睛在空中穿梭。這種動(dòng)物稱為蜜袋鼯。不過(guò)，能看到這種動(dòng)物算你幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗麄兗葖尚∮帜懶?，而且還是夜行性動(dòng)物。

若你真瞧見(jiàn)蜜袋鼯，可能會(huì)注意到牠在樹(shù)梢間滑翔時(shí)，四肢間的皮薄膜會(huì)張開(kāi)，幾乎呈四方形。這種特殊的演化使?fàn)瓊兊靡栽黾由眢w的表面積，從容地在樹(shù)木間滑翔。有些蜜袋鼯一次甚至可以飛行 1 百公尺遠(yuǎn)呢!

假如你在森林中滑翔，大概不會(huì)想撞到樹(shù)吧。還好，蜜袋鼯有條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的尾巴，有助于在滑翔時(shí)掌握方向。牠也會(huì)移動(dòng)四肢使行進(jìn)的方向不至偏離，而且在降落前會(huì)將后腳移到前方，以便用四肢抓住樹(shù)干。

蜜袋鼯是澳洲特有的袋貂類，因?yàn)橄埠没邸⒗z和尤佳利樹(shù)汁等甜食而得名，但牠們也吃昆蟲(chóng)。蜜袋鼯很少到地面活動(dòng)是為了避免被躲在下方的掠食者攻擊。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (B)