異類(lèi)之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第53期:畢業(yè)去向調(diào)查

Let me give you another, perhaps more serious, example of the threshold effect in action.

讓我們?cè)賮?lái)看另外一個(gè)正產(chǎn)生比較嚴(yán)重影響的例子。

The university of Michigan law School, like many elite US educational institutions,

密歇根大學(xué)法學(xué)院制定了一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃主要針對(duì)來(lái)自弱勢(shì)群體的報(bào)考者提供贊助，

uses a policy of affirmative action when it comes to applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds.

正如美國(guó)很多頂尖教育機(jī)構(gòu)做的那樣。

Around ten percent of the students Michigan enrolls each fall are members of ratio minorities,

密歇根秋季注冊(cè)入學(xué)的學(xué)生中，大約10%的學(xué)生屬于少數(shù)族裔，

and if the school didn't significantly relax its entry requirement for those students,

假如法學(xué)院不放松對(duì)這群學(xué)生的要求

admitting them with lower undergraduate grades and standardized-test sores than everyone else,

不降低他們?nèi)雽W(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試的錄取分?jǐn)?shù)以及大學(xué)畢業(yè)的評(píng)分，而是和其他學(xué)生一樣

it estimates that percentage will be less than three percent.

那么 這群學(xué)生的比例可能會(huì)降到3%以下。

Furthermore, if you compare the grades that the minority and non-minority students get in law school, the whites students do better.

而且，如果你將法學(xué)院少數(shù)族裔和非少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的評(píng)分進(jìn)行對(duì)比，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)白色人種的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好。

That's not surprising:

這并不奇怪：

if one group has higher undergraduate grades and test scores than another,

那些大學(xué)畢業(yè)評(píng)分和測(cè)試成績(jī)比其他人優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，

it's almost certainly going to have higher grades in law school as well.

自然會(huì)選擇同樣是較高等級(jí)的法學(xué)院。

This is the reason why affirmative action programs are so controversial.

這也是為什么人們對(duì)贊助性行動(dòng)計(jì)劃褒貶不一的原因。

In fact, an attack on the University of Michigan's affirmative action program recently went all the way to the US Supreme Court.

事實(shí)上，對(duì)密歇根大學(xué)贊助性行動(dòng)計(jì)劃的指控已經(jīng)受到美同最高法院的關(guān)注：

It seems troubling for an elite educational institution to let in students who are less qualified than their peers.

讓那些比同類(lèi)人遜色的人一起進(jìn)入精英教育機(jī)構(gòu)，看來(lái)有不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之嫌。

A few years ago, however, the University of Michigan decided to look closely at how the law school's minority students had fared after they graduated.

但是，多年以前，密歇根大學(xué)計(jì)劃對(duì)法學(xué)院少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的畢業(yè)去向作近距離的調(diào)查：

How much money did they make?

他們的收入如何？

How far up in the profession did they go?

他們的職業(yè)生涯有什么進(jìn)展？

How satisfied were they with their careers?

是否對(duì)自己的事業(yè)滿意？

What kind of social and community contributions did they make?

對(duì)社會(huì)和團(tuán)體有什么貢獻(xiàn)？

What kind of honors had they won?

他們贏得過(guò)什么榮譽(yù)？

They looked at everything that could conceivably be an indication of real-world success. And what they found surprised them.

他們尋找一切現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中能夠令人信服的成功案例，尋找的結(jié)果令他們大吃一驚。