異類之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第54期:什么是發(fā)散測(cè)試
“我知道的我們那些少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生，他們大部分都干得很不錯(cuò)，”密歇根該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃負(fù)責(zé)人之一的理查德.蘭柏說
"I think our expectation was that we would find a half or twothirdsfull glass,
“我們?cè)瓉眍A(yù)計(jì)，調(diào)査人數(shù)的一半或者三分之二都會(huì)不如白人學(xué)生做得好，
that they had not done as well as the white students but nonetheless a lot were quite successful.
盡管他們很多人應(yīng)該還是成功的。
But we were completely surprised. We found out that they were doing every bit as well.
然而調(diào)査的結(jié)果讓我們大吃一驚。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們每一件事情都做得像白人學(xué)生一樣好，
There was no place where we saw any serious discrepancy."
沒發(fā)現(xiàn)他們之間存在什么明顯的差異。”
What Lempert is saying is that by the only measure that a law school really ought to care about
蘭柏所說的也是法學(xué)院必須正視的唯一選拔法則
how well its graduate students in the real world minority students aren't less qualified.
那就是從這里畢業(yè)的學(xué)生在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的表現(xiàn)如何一少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生并非不夠資格。
They're just as successful as white students.
他們和白人學(xué)生一樣能夠取得成功
And why? Because even though the academic credentials of minority students at Michigan aren't as good as those white students,
為什么？因?yàn)榧幢忝苄髮W(xué)這些少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)資歷上不如白人學(xué)生優(yōu)秀，
the quality of students at the law school is high enough that they're still above the threshold.
但是法學(xué)院培養(yǎng)的學(xué)生質(zhì)量卻足夠高，他們的智商依舊超過了進(jìn)入大學(xué)所要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
They are smart enough.
他們足夠聰明。
Knowledge of a law student's test scores is of little help if you are faced with a classroom of clever law students.
如果整個(gè)房間的法學(xué)院學(xué)生都足夠聰明，那么知道他們的測(cè)試結(jié)果就亳無必要。
Let's take the threshold idea one step further.
讓我們進(jìn)一步展開這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分的觀點(diǎn)。
If intelligence only matters up to a point, then pass that point, other things
如果說智商只和某一方面相關(guān)，那么我們先把它擱置一旁，進(jìn)入到其他方面
things that have nothing to do with intelligence must start to matter more.
一些和智商毫不相關(guān)的方曲——很多地方都值得關(guān)注。
It's like basketball again: once you're tall enough, then we start to care about speed and court sense and shooting touch.
就如前面說到的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣：如果你夠高，那么我們開始關(guān)注你的速度、球場(chǎng)上的感覺和靈敏度、控球技術(shù)以及投籃技巧。
So, what might some of those other things be?
那么，所謂的“其他方面”指的又是什么？
Well, suppose that instead of measuring your IQ, I gave you a totally different kind of test.
好吧，如果要知道你的智商，我會(huì)讓你看看另外一種測(cè)試。
Write down as many different uses that you can think of for the following objects: a brick, a blanket.
看到以下的物體，請(qǐng)寫下你能想到的它們的不同用途：
This is what's called a "pergence test"
這種方法叫做發(fā)散測(cè)試，
(as opposed to a test like the Raven's, which asks you to sort through a list of possibilities and converge on the right answer).
和瑞文測(cè)驗(yàn)相反，它讓你選出和正確答案相類似的所有可能性答案。
It requires you to use your imagination and take your mind in its many directions as possible.
它需要你充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，盡可能讓的思維發(fā)散。
With a pergence test like this, there obviously isn't a single right answer.
很顯然，這樣的發(fā)散測(cè)試沒有唯一正確的答案。
