2011年5月翻譯資格考試二級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢 試題一

Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last — and yield — nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.

Still, there are some very old farms out there. The oldest is the Tuttle farm, near Dover, N.H., which is also one of the oldest business enterprises in America. It made the news last week because its owner — a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, the original settler — has decided to go out of business. It was founded in 1632. I hear its sweet corn is legendary.

The year 1632 is unimaginably distant. In 1632, Galileo was still publishing, and John Locke was born. There were perhaps 10,000 colonists in all of America, only a few hundred of them in New Hampshire. The Tuttle acres, then, would have seemed almost as surrounded as they do in 2010, but by forest instead of highways and houses.

It was a precarious operation at the start — as all farming was in the new colonies—and it became precarious enough again in these past few years to peter out at last. The land is protected by a conservation easement so it can?t be developed, but no one knows whether the next owner will farm it.

In a letter on their Web site, the Tuttles cite “exhaustion of resources” as the reason to sell the farm. The exhausted resources they list include bodies, minds, hearts, imagination, equipment, machinery and finances. They do not mention soil, which has been renewed and redeemed repeatedly. It?s as though the parishioners of the First Parish Church in nearby Dover — erected nearly 200 years later, in 1829 — had rebuilt the structure on the same spot every few years.

It is too simple to say, as the Tuttles have, that the recession killed a farm that had survived for nearly 400 years. What killed it was the economic structure of food production. Each year it has become harder for family farms to compete with industrial scale agriculture — heavily subsidized by the government — underselling them at every turn. In a system committed to the health of farms and their integration with local communities, the result would have been different. In 1632, and for many years after, the Tuttle farm was a necessity. In 2010, it is suddenly superfluous, or so we like to pretend.

參考譯文：

農(nóng)場破產(chǎn)原因很多，不過僅僅因為土壤退化而破產(chǎn)的卻為數(shù)不多，這也正是經(jīng)營農(nóng)場的一大優(yōu)勢：如果對農(nóng)田悉心照料，那么土壤將可永葆肥力，農(nóng)場也可持續(xù)高產(chǎn)。美 國是一個相對年輕的國家，歷史上尚未對上述理論進行過試驗論證。回顧美國的發(fā)展史， 在大多數(shù)歷史階段，可供開墾的土地不斷涌現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)如今，美國的耕種觀念依然沒變，似 乎美國有開墾不完的土地。

不過，美國還是有一些頗有年頭的老農(nóng)場，年頭最長的當屬塔特爾農(nóng)場。該農(nóng)場位 于美國新罕布什爾州多佛市附近，也是美國歷史最為悠久的商業(yè)企業(yè)之一。就在上周， 塔特爾農(nóng)場成了一大新聞?，F(xiàn)農(nóng)場場主、農(nóng)場創(chuàng)始人約翰﹒塔特爾的直系繼承人宣布農(nóng) 場破產(chǎn)。塔特爾農(nóng)場成立于 1632 年，據(jù)說該農(nóng)場出產(chǎn)的甜玉米特別有名。

1632 年是多么久遠的一個年份，那年，伽利略仍在出書，約翰·洛克(著名的英國哲學(xué) 家)才剛剛出生。當時，全美共有約 1 萬名殖民者，而新罕布什爾只有區(qū)區(qū)幾百名。那時 的塔特爾農(nóng)場四周森林環(huán)繞，如今的農(nóng)場四周已是公路密布，庭院櫛比。

在新殖民地開墾農(nóng)場一開始都會出現(xiàn)經(jīng)營問題，塔特爾農(nóng)場也不例外。近年來該農(nóng) 場再次出現(xiàn)經(jīng)營問題，最終難逃破產(chǎn)的命運。塔特爾農(nóng)場已經(jīng)簽署了保護地役權(quán)協(xié)定， 不允許做其他開發(fā)之用，但是接收農(nóng)場的人會不會繼續(xù)農(nóng)場經(jīng)營還是個未知數(shù)。

塔特爾農(nóng)場的網(wǎng)頁上載有一封塔特爾家族的公開信，信中稱出售農(nóng)場是因為“資源耗 盡”。信中羅列的耗盡的資源包括：身心交瘁、創(chuàng)新力枯竭、設(shè)備機械老化、財力不支等 等。他們唯獨沒有提及土壤問題，而土壤歷經(jīng)了循環(huán)往復(fù)的開墾(，肥力如何可想而知)。

在臨近的多佛市有一座 “第一教區(qū)教堂”，興建于 1829 年，比農(nóng)場建立的時間晚了近 200年。如果打個比方的話，對農(nóng)場的循環(huán)開墾利用就好比是該教堂的教民每隔幾年就在同 一地點重建教堂一樣。

塔特爾農(nóng)場歷經(jīng)近 400 年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨一直經(jīng)營到現(xiàn)在，塔特爾家族的人稱是眼下這 場經(jīng)濟衰退使得農(nóng)場難以為繼。這話說起來著實輕巧。可是，真正導(dǎo)致農(nóng)場破產(chǎn)的是糧 食生產(chǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題。現(xiàn)在，農(nóng)業(yè)實行規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)，政府給予大力補貼，大型農(nóng)場的糧 食售價自然會處處低于家族經(jīng)營的農(nóng)場，致使這些家族農(nóng)場在競爭中日益處于劣勢。如 果美國在糧食生產(chǎn)體系中切實關(guān)注農(nóng)場的健康發(fā)展，統(tǒng)籌兼顧農(nóng)場與當?shù)匕l(fā)展，結(jié)局就 不是現(xiàn)在這樣了/塔特爾農(nóng)場就不會落到這般田地。自 1632 年建立之后的若干年里，塔特 爾農(nóng)場一直都是(當?shù)匕l(fā)展)不可或缺的一大支柱，而在 2010 年，塔特爾農(nóng)場轉(zhuǎn)瞬間已 成冗余之物，或者說被我們看作是一個累贅。

英譯漢試題二

The global youth unemployment rate has reached its highest level on record, and is expected to increase through 2010, the International Labour Organization (ILO) says in a new report that was issued to coincide with the launch of the UN International Youth Year.

The report: ILO Global Employment Trends for Youth 2010 says that of some 620 million economically active youth aged 15 to 24 years, 81 million were unemployed at the end of 2009 -- the highest number ever. This is 7.8 million more than the global number in 2007. The youth unemployment rate increased from 11.9 percent in 2007 to 13.0 percent in 2009.

The global youth unemployment rate is expected to continue its increase through 2010, to 13.1 per cent, followed by a moderate decline to 12.7 per cent in 2011. The report also points out that the unemployment rates of youth have proven to be more sensitive to the crisis than the rates of adults and that the recovery of the job market for young men and women is likely to lag behind that of adults.

It adds that these trends will have “significant consequences for young people as upcoming cohorts of new entrants join the ranks of the already unemployed" and warns of the "risk of a crisis legacy of a „lost generation?comprised of young people who have dropped out of the labour market, having lost all hope of being able to work for a decent living".

The ILO report points out that in developing economies, youth are more vulnerable to underemployment and poverty.

參考譯文：

在“聯(lián)合國國際青年年”發(fā)起之際，國際勞工組織發(fā)布了一份新的報告，指出全球青年失業(yè)率已創(chuàng)歷史新高，在 2010 年還將繼續(xù)攀升。

這份名為《2010 年全球青年就業(yè)形勢展望》報告指出，截止到 2009 年底，在全球約6.2 億青年(定義為 15-24 歲年齡段、經(jīng)濟上十分活躍的群體)中，失業(yè)人數(shù)達到創(chuàng)紀錄的 8100 萬人，比 2007 年全球失業(yè)青年人數(shù)多了 780 萬人，青年失業(yè)率從 2007 年的 11.9%上升至 2009 年的 13.0%。

據(jù)預(yù)測，全球青年失業(yè)率在 2010 年將攀升至 13.1%，隨后會有所放緩，到 2011 年下 降至 12.7%。該報告同時指出，事實證明，危機對青年失業(yè)率的影響要大于對成年失業(yè)率 的影響，而此次危機后青年就業(yè)市場的復(fù)蘇很可能會滯后于成年就業(yè)市場的復(fù)蘇。

該報告還指出，隨著更多的青年人不斷加入到青年失業(yè)大軍中，上述趨勢對青年人 將會造成嚴重影響。該報告警告稱，此次危機將會產(chǎn)生危機后遺癥，即催生新的“失落的 一代”：大批失業(yè)青年對生活開始感到絕望。

這份國際勞工組織發(fā)布的報告還指出，在發(fā)展中國家，青年更容易受到就業(yè)不足和 貧困的影響。

第二部分 漢譯英試題一

60 年來特別是改革開放 30 年來，中國取得了舉世矚目的發(fā)展成就，經(jīng)濟實力和綜合 國力顯著增強，各項社會事業(yè)全面進步，人民生活從溫飽不足發(fā)展到總體小康，中國社 會迸發(fā)出前所未有的活力和創(chuàng)造力。

同時，我們清醒地認識到，中國仍然是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，中國在發(fā)展進程 中遇到的矛盾和問題無論規(guī)模還是復(fù)雜性都是世所罕見。要全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會，進而基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化、實現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕，還有很長的路要走。

我們將繼續(xù)從本國國情出發(fā)，堅持中國特色社會主義道路，堅持改革開放，推動科 學(xué)發(fā)展，促進社會和諧，全面推進經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)以及生態(tài) 文明建設(shè)，全力做到發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享。

官方參考譯文：

China has achieved remarkable progress in those 60 years, particularly in the last 30 years since reform and opening-up. China?s economy and comprehensive national strength have grown significantly and various social programs have made big strides. The Chinese people, once lacking basic living necessities, are now leading a moderately prosperous life, and the whole society is showing unprecedented dynamism and creativity.

We are keenly aware, however, that China remains the world?s largest developing country. The difficulties and problems that we face in development are rarely seen in any other part of the world in terms of their scale and complexity. We still have a long way to go before we can build, in a comprehensive way, a moderately prosperous society of a higher level that will benefit the more than one billion Chinese people, and then achieve basic modernization and bring common prosperity to all our people.

We will, in the light of our national conditions, continue to follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, persist in reform and opening-up, promote scientific development and social harmony, and achieve all-round progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and environmental fields. We will ensure that our development is for the people and by the people and the fruits of development are shared among the people.

其他參考譯文：

China has scored enviable/remarkable/measurable/impressive achievements over the past 6 decades, particularly over the past 30 years since reform and opening up. / China has impressed the world with an enviable development trajectory over the past 60 years since the founding of new China, particularly over the past 30 years since the initiation of reform and opening up. Among others, China has gained strong momentum economically and in terms of overall national strength, and social programs have made great headway/progressed across the board/China has come a long way in various social programs. The Chinese people have experienced/seen measurable improvements in their livelihood from insufficiency to moderate prosperity/ Gone are those days when the Chinese people could hardly feed and clothe themselves. The Chinese people today enjoy a well-off life by and large. Overall, China has witnessed great vitality and exciting creativity never seen before on this land./ Never before in history has China been so vibrant and creative.

That being said, we are sober-minded that/we are keenly aware that/ China remains the largest developing economy in the world. As such, imbalances and challenges that have emerged on the scene are truly rare in terms of both scale and complexity. In this connection, /Such being the case, /That means China still has a long, hard journey to go before it makes it possible for/enables/empowers its over one billion people to live in a better-off society, a country of modest modernity and eventually a community of prosperity for all.

Going forward, we will remain committed to socialism with Chinese characteristics and reform and opening up as we continue to act in line with China?s national reality. We will renew our commitment to foster well-balanced development and social harmony and move forward with/press ahead with/push for economic development, political and social progress, cultural advancement and ecological well-being/move forward with economic, political, cultural, social and ecological programs/work to make visible differences in economic, political, cultural,social and ecological terms. Ultimately, we must work to see to it that development is for the people and by the people, and that development gains are shared by the people/ensure that inclusive development is for the people and by the people.

漢譯英試題二

非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)是民族文化的精華、民族智慧的結(jié)晶。我國有 56 個民族，各民族在長期的歷史發(fā)展進程中創(chuàng)造了豐富多彩的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

改革開放以來，由于工業(yè)化和城市化的加速，人們的生產(chǎn)生活方式發(fā)生了重大變化， 也使非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)賴以生存的環(huán)境不同程度地遭到破壞。

作為一種鮮活的文化，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)是民眾生活的重要組成部分，在當代仍然散 發(fā)著獨特的光彩和魅力，仍然是傳承文化、推動社會發(fā)展的不竭動力，是文化創(chuàng)新的基 礎(chǔ)和源泉。

因此，搶救和保護那些處于瀕危和生存困境中的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，已成為時代賦予 我們的非常緊迫的歷史任務(wù)。

文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)是以保護非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)為核心、對歷史積淀豐厚、存續(xù)狀態(tài)良好、 具有鮮明地域文化特色和價值的文化形態(tài)進行整體性保護，以促進經(jīng)濟社會全面協(xié)調(diào)可 持續(xù)發(fā)展而劃定的特定區(qū)域。

官方參考譯文：(缺)

其他參考譯文：

All 56 ethnic groups of China have contributed their due share to an amazing treasure house/bonanza of diversified intangible cultural heritage, a living legacy that epitomizes/crystallizes/captures cultural identity and collective wisdom of the nation.

Faster industrialization and urban sprawl China has witnessed since it opened the door to the outside world in 1978 have transformed the way people live and produce, but at the same time taken a varied toll on the very climate/niche that sustains non-physical heritage of all kinds.

Intangible cultural heritage is a living legacy that enriches people?s life, sustains/drives cultural and social progress and inspires cultural innovation.

To conserve the invaluable heritage is to hold national identity together/keep …alive/viable.

A culture reserve is designed/aims to/serves to/functions as a guardian of sth…/exists to/ to protect intangible cultural heritage and other valuable and well-kept cultural legacy that are typical of local identities.