英語口譯教程(第二版)--高級 04

[00:01.00]英語高級口譯資格證書考 試 高級口譯教程第二版 第四盒; [00:34.81]Unit nine Cultural Exchange Text for Interpretation; [00:45.19]Passage 1 Chines-English Interpretation Text Interpreting; [00:55.89]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [01:06.28]女士們，先生們：我愿借 此機會同大家談一談中國 人民的一些基本價值觀 念。; [01:15.23]不了解這些就難以把握中 國正在和將要發(fā)生的事。; [01:20.72]中華民族歷來尊重人的尊 嚴和價值。還在遙遠的古 代，我們的先人就已提 出“民為貴”的思想，; [01:30.57]認為“天生萬物，唯人為 貴”。一切社會的發(fā)展和 進步，都取決于人的展和 進步，; [01:40.24]取決于人的尊嚴的維護和 價值的發(fā)揮。今天中國所 煥發(fā)出來的巨大活力，; [01:47.08]是中國人民擁有廣泛自 由、民主的生動寫照。 中國在公元1世紀人口就 已達到過6000萬左右，; [01:57.17]眾多人口的衣食住行，幾 千年來一直是中國歷代政 府所要解決的首要人權(quán) 問題。; [02:05.26]今天的中國是一個有12億 人口的發(fā)展中大國，必須 首先保障最廣大人民的生 存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)，; [02:14.74]不然一切其他權(quán)利都無從 談起。中國確保12億多人 的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)，; [02:22.83]這是對世界人權(quán)進步事業(yè) 的重大貢獻。集體人權(quán)與 個人人權(quán)、; [02:29.24]經(jīng)濟社會文化權(quán)利與公民 政治權(quán)利緊密結(jié)合和協(xié)調(diào) 發(fā)展，; [02:34.59]這是適合中國國情因而是 中國人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展的必然 道路。; [02:40.45]中華民族歷來堅持獨立自 主的民族精神和發(fā)展道 路。中國人民獨立自主當 作立國之本，; [02:51.56]在5000多年的不懈奮斗中 創(chuàng)造了燦爛的中華文明， 并在近代反抗外來侵略、; [02:58.49]實現(xiàn)民族解放的斗爭中自 立自強，最終掌握了自己 的命運。獨立自主、自力 更生，同學習外國，; [03:09.09]吸取世界文明的成果，是 相互結(jié)合、相輔相成的。 中華民族的先人們早就懂 得這個道理。; [03:18.80]中國的漢唐時代，都曾在 這方面留下寶貴的歷史經(jīng) 驗，當時既是中國自強不 息發(fā)展自己的昌盛時期，; [03:30.14]也是積極開展對外交流， 廣泛吸收外來進步文化的 時期。; [03:36.19]今天，中國人民堅持走自 己的路，進行經(jīng)濟政治文 化建設，; [03:42.51]把祖國建設成為一個初步 繁榮昌盛的社會主義國 家。同時吸收和借鑒世界 一切先進文明成果，; [03:52.04]這些文明成果對于中國的 發(fā)展也起了重要的促進作 用。; [03:57.43]當然，這種對外國文明的 吸收和借鑒決不能是簡單 的模仿。; [04:03.66]中國既不能照抄西方資本 主義國家的發(fā)展模式，也 不能硬搬其他國家建設社 會主義模式，; [04:11.85]而必須走適合自己國情的 發(fā)展道路。這就是建設有 中國特色社會主義的道 路。; [04:19.94]中國人民將堅定不移地沿 著這條強國之路走下去。; [04:24.82]中華民族歷來珍惜各民族 大團結(jié)和祖國統(tǒng)一。中國 的56個民族，; [04:31.09]從古代開始就在華夏大地 上勞動和繁衍，經(jīng)過長期 的相互幫助、相互學習， 形成了統(tǒng)一的多民族國家; [04:42.58]維護民族的團結(jié)統(tǒng)一，是 中華民族偉大復興的根本 基礎，是全國各族人民的 的根本利益所在。; [04:52.57]新中國成立以后，中國在 少數(shù)民族聚居的地方實行 區(qū)域自治，各民族的權(quán)益 受到憲法保障，; [05:02.57]民族地區(qū)的社會和經(jīng)濟不 斷發(fā)展，各民族之間的平 等、團結(jié)、互助關(guān)系不斷 加強。; [05:10.28]中國民主革命的偉大先行 者孫中山先生早就指出： “中國是一個統(tǒng)一的國家，; [05:17.91]這一點已牢牢地印在我國 的歷史意識之中，正是這 種意識，; [05:22.04]才使用權(quán)我們能作為一個 國家而被保存下來。; [05:27.95]”中華文明綿綿幾千年， 國家統(tǒng)一始終是中國歷史 的主流。; [05:35.34]維護國家統(tǒng)一，是中國人 民世世代代極其珍視的崇 高目標。; [05:41.57]世界上只有一個中國， 實現(xiàn)中國的完全統(tǒng)一是全 體中國人民的共同愿望。; [05:49.99]中華民族歷來愛好自由和 平。中國人民始終希望天 下太平、希望同各國人民 友好相處。; [05:59.33]“親仁善鄰”一直為我們的 先人們奉為國之寶箴。中 國人民在近代飽受戰(zhàn)爭和 被侵略的痛苦，; [06:08.91]更深感自由與和平的珍 貴。任何一個國家的建設 和發(fā)展，都需要一個和平 穩(wěn)定的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境。; [06:18.72]任何一個國家和民族的自 由，都是一切個人自由的 前提和基礎。; [06:24.81]我們希望各國人民都生活 在沒有戰(zhàn)爭和暴力的世界 里，; [06:29.97]希望各國人民都能享有不 被人壓迫、歧視和欺凌的 自由。; [06:36.34]中國人民選擇和實踐的社 會主義發(fā)展道路和各項基 本的內(nèi)外政策，源于現(xiàn)代 中國歷史發(fā)展的必然，; [06:45.77]也源于中華民族百年來形 成的優(yōu)良民族傳統(tǒng)，因而 具有歷史和現(xiàn)實的充分依 據(jù)和牢固基礎。; [06:55.40]我們的目標是，到中華人 民共和國成立一百周年 時，基本實行現(xiàn)代化，; [07:02.28]把中國建成富強民主文明 的社會主義國家。; [07:06.51]中國人民有信心克服和戰(zhàn) 勝前進道路上出現(xiàn)的各種 困難和風險，實現(xiàn)我們的 偉大目標。; [07:15.48]Passage 2 English-China Interpretation Text Interpreting; [07:27.29]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [07:36.40]As the fifth of the lecture series "The Greatest Arts of the Past Millennium",; [07:42.49]I'd like to introduce briefly Australia's Sydney Opera House,; [07:47.14]which is one of the landmark buildings of modern times, and its creator,; [07:52.58]the reclusive great Danish architect Jorn Utzon.; [07:57.27]The Sydney Opera House is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings.; [08:03.04]Although its architect was forced to resign; [08:05.97]and it was never properly finished inside,; [08:08.90]the opera house has come to define not only a city,; [08:12.71]but also an entire nation and continent.; [08:16.61]Beyond that, it is a global expression of cultural modernity.; [08:22.33]Everyone in the world with media access knows what the Sydney Opera House looks like; [08:28.14]First designed in 1957 and finally declared complete in 1973,; [08:34.93]the opera house was the single best-known modern building; [08:38.74]in the world until the arrival; [08:40.97]of Frank Gehry's equally extraordinary Bilbao Guggenheim in 1997.; [08:48.46]But it will outlive the Guggenheim as an international architectural icon; [08:53.62]— because it did all the difficult work first.; [08:57.11]In the pantheon of classic modern buildings,; [09:00.13]Utzon's creation has the status of myth.; [09:03.80]The myth states that the unknown architect, then in his early thirties,; [09:09.75]submitted rough sketches to the competition judges,; [09:13.47]that he ignored most of the rules,; [09:16.35]that his design was only selected after being plucked at the last moment; [09:21.47]from the reject pile by one of the judges, and that the design was unbuildable.; [09:27.51]But Sydney is remarkable for another reason: it is a complete one-off.; [09:33.74]It does not fit into any stylistic or chronological category.; [09:38.85]None of Utzon's other buildings — churches, government departments,; [09:43.92]houses —looks anything like it, and architects today; [09:48.43]who try to copy his concept always end up looking very second- rate indeed.; [09:54.15]It is "modern", certainly, but it is an expressive modernism; [09:58.29]that was quite at odds with the rectilinear "international style" of its time.; [10:04.84]It has more in common with the work; [10:07.40]of the American maverick genius Frank Lloyd Wright,; [10:11.07]for whom Utzon worked briefly. Of course, its unique location is an enormous help,; [10:17.25]sitting as it does on a promontory with water on three sides; [10:22.13]and the famous Sydney Harbour Bridge as a picture-postcard backdrop.; [10:26.83]But Utzon masterfully exploited the site as nobody else could.; [10:32.27]Utzon left Australia in high dudgeon in 1966, never to return,; [10:38.96]before he could finish designing the interior.; [10:42.08]As with Sir Christopher Wren at the world-renowned St Paul's Cathedral,; [10:47.19]Utzon was humiliated and removed from; [10:50.03]overseeing the final stages of his masterwork.; [10:53.42]But for all his manifold difficulties,; [10:56.31]which other contemporary architect can claim an equivalent achievement; [11:01.00]The Sydney Opera House showed us that anything is possible,; [11:05.18]and it demonstrated that sheer,; [11:06.44]seductive beauty for its own sake is nothing to be ashamed of,; [11:11.32]but everything to be proud of.; [11:14.72]Extra Text for Practice; [11:19.55]Passage 1 Chinese-English Interpretation; [11:27.36]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [11:37.36]現(xiàn)代化的交通與傳播手段 使世界變得越來越小，整 個國際社會好似一個巨大 的地球村。; [11:48.79]有著不同文化背景的地球 村的村民們在文化交流和 文化沖撞中和睦相處。; [11:57.35]當代社會的任何一個民族 其先進文化不是孤立的現(xiàn) 象,而是與其他民族的文 化進行廣泛交流的產(chǎn)物.; [12:10.46]當然，任何一個民族的文 化，其根基與主流必須具 有這個民族的鮮明特征。; [12:19.34]文化交流不是讓外國文化 吞沒自己的文化，而是為 了豐富和充實本民族的 文化。; [12:29.10]通過文化交流，不同的文 化可以相互學習,相互影 響.在文化領(lǐng)域里,相互影 響是一種非常復雜的現(xiàn)象; [12:41.98]打個比喻，吸取外國文化 是一個入口、咀嚼和消化 的過程。; [12:49.74]我們應該采取去偽存真、 去粗存精、多出優(yōu)進、 抵御腐蝕原則。; [12:59.27]我不認為各種文化的不同 特點和風格會因此而消 失，相反，不同的文化可 以取長補短，互為補充。; [13:12.52]事實上，隨著中國經(jīng)濟 的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的 提高，; [13:19.03]中國人民的視野開闊了， 藝術(shù)鑒賞力也起了變化。 他們的興趣變得廣泛了。; [13:28.05]他們不僅關(guān)心中國傳統(tǒng)文 化藝術(shù)和現(xiàn)代文化藝術(shù)， 而且有了解世界文化發(fā)展 趨勢的愿望，; [13:38.74]有了解不同藝術(shù)風格和 流派的愿望。; [13:43.25]我們在吸取外國文化優(yōu)秀 成果的同時，不能滿足于 一味模仿的做法。; [13:50.97]沉溺于簡單的模仿會使自 己失去創(chuàng)作力，無法達到 新的藝術(shù)高度，無法向世 界推出自己的優(yōu)秀作品。; [14:02.08]簡單模仿全然不能與新意 劃等號。新意是現(xiàn)代風格 與傳統(tǒng)風格的結(jié)合，; [14:11.38]是外國特色與本民族特色 的結(jié)合，是藝術(shù)性與教育 性的結(jié)合。; [14:20.12]Passage 2 English-Chinses Interpretation; [14:28.06]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [14:37.46]Today I'd like to address the topic of; [14:42.01]"The United States as a Multicultural Society" as much as I understand it,; [14:49.17]and in that connection I'd like to say a few words about the implications; [14:55.68]of multiculturalism for cross-cultural communication.; [15:01.35]Some people say that the United States is "a melting pot",; [15:06.98]while others say it is "a salad platter." In my view, rather than a melting pot,; [15:15.58]the United States today may be more accurately described; [15:20.69]as a multicultural society in which acculturation is defined more; [15:27.48]in terms of "integration" than "assimilation." In other words,; [15:34.22]people in the United States today can maintain some original cultural identity; [15:40.03]and values and participate meaningfully in the larger society.; [15:46.31]The melting pot myth is never true.; [15:50.21]The United States has always been a heterogeneous society; [15:55.60]with cohesion based partly on mutual respect; [15:59.32]and partly on one group's values dominating all others.; [16:04.34]The salad platter analogy suggests that the elements; [16:08.44]of the salad maintain their own taste or identity; [16:12.90]but exist together to create the whole.; [16:16.71]Some people argue that multiculturalism has not meant the integration; [16:22.75]of diverse cultures, but an acceptance by the dominant ethnic category; [16:28.56]of the "exotic" foods, dress and rituals of the cultural minorities.; [16:34.56]I think that the debate over multiculturalism is essentially; [16:39.77]the debate over whose values will be imposed. In a true multicultural society,; [16:46.88]individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds exist; [16:51.02]without socially enforced power differences.; [16:54.18]But that is not the case, at least, with the United States.; [16:59.20]Perhaps there has never been such a thing as monocultural society.; [17:05.15]Indeed, each person is of many cultures simultaneously .; [17:10.50]One has a sexual identity, a racial identity, a religious identity,; [17:16.40]a class identity, a school identity, an identity from the friends one keeps,; [17:22.87]a family identity, a geographic identity, and so on.; [17:28.17]We tend to be relatively unconscious of other cultures, and unfortunately,; [17:34.49]much hostility is created by our ignorance of other cultures; [17:38.30]and the failure to recognize their existence.; [17:41.93]In many societies there is hierarchy of status and power.; [17:47.97]The power elites need not be the majority.; [17:52.43]The power elites are the individuals who have influence within the social, political,; [17:58.06]legal, economic, and religious institutions In the United States,; [18:04.10]the power elite controls both the material resources and goods of the country; [18:09.77]and the means and manner of production and distribution.; [18:14.42]In the United States, when you speak of upper,; [18:18.19]middle and lower classes you speak not of national origin or ethnicity but of power; [18:25.90]and control over material resources.; [18:28.93]Economic power in the United States today is largely held by youthful,; [18:34.69]able-bodied White males.; [18:37.43]Whites in the United States recognize the existence of a White culture.; [18:42.69]White culture resulted from a synthesis of ideas,; [18:47.01]values and beliefs inherited from European ethnic groups in the United States.; [18:53.29]As the dominant culture in the United States,; [18:56.50]White culture is the foundation of social norms and organizations.; [19:01.93]In terms of cross- cultural communication,; [19:05.89]the dominant White culture includes communication patterns of Standard English,; [19:12.02]direct eye contact, limited physical contact, and controlled emotions.; [19:19.32]Nondominant groups are supposed to follow that pattern in one way or another.; [19:25.51]A multicultural society, therefore,; [19:28.34]faces the communication challenges presented; [19:31.83]by multiple language use, contrasting values, and cultural prejudice.; [19:39.54]Unit ten Science Report Text for Interpretation; [19:49.62]Passage 1 Chines-English Interpretation Text Interpreting; [20:01.00]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [20:11.33]女士們、先生們： 我很高興在這里向各位簡 單介紹一下我國的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī) 學，即中醫(yī)。; [20:23.07]中醫(yī)起源于6000年前的神 農(nóng)氏時代，; [20:27.77]這位著名的中國古代藥王 所生活的時代被認為是中 醫(yī)史上的萌芽階段。; [20:36.31]戰(zhàn)國時期的中醫(yī)理論著作 《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》標志著中國 醫(yī)學獨特的理論體系的形 成。; [20:46.26]《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》至今仍然被 視為指導中醫(yī)的理論基 礎。; [20:54.18]中醫(yī)名著《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》 總結(jié)了秦朝前的經(jīng)驗， 共載藥物365種，按主治、 功用和毒性分成三大類，; [21:09.57]是中國的一中歷史最悠久 的藥典。; [21:14.95]中醫(yī)學在長期的發(fā)展過程 中，逐漸形成了一整套醫(yī) 學原則和觀點。; [21:23.42]首先，中醫(yī)認為“萬物人 為貴”。中醫(yī)將“救死扶 傷”視為職業(yè)道德規(guī)范。; [21:33.44]第二，中醫(yī)注重無病防 病，強調(diào)以食補保健來延 緩衰老，減少疾病。; [21:44.63]第三，中醫(yī)理論認為， 社會環(huán)境與自然環(huán)境相互 作用、互為依存，; [21:53.47]人的身心也是一種相互作 用、互為依存的關(guān)系。人 體是由各種器官和不同功 能系統(tǒng)組成的有機整體。; [22:06.39]因此，中醫(yī)師是通過了解 人與自然、人與社會、人 體與心理之間的關(guān)系，; [22:15.48]以及人體各部位之間的種 種關(guān)系來診斷病人的 疾病。; [22:21.91]第四，中醫(yī)學認為，陰與 陽存在于人體內(nèi)，相互作 用、互為依存。根據(jù)中醫(yī) 的哲學觀，; [22:35.76]陰陽兩者對立制約、互根 互用、消長平衡、相互轉(zhuǎn) 化。; [22:43.43]陰陽平衡是健康的要素， 陰陽失衡會影響健康，導 致養(yǎng)病。因此，中醫(yī)十分 重視調(diào)節(jié)陰陽以保平衡。; [22:56.97]最后，中醫(yī)認為人體內(nèi) 的系列運動貫穿于人的一 生，這種系列運動在西醫(yī) 叫作“新陳代謝”。; [23:09.09]如果這種運動受阻，就會 出現(xiàn)異常情況，人就會 得病。這是中醫(yī)關(guān)于疾病 防治的一個指導思想。; [23:20.16]在長期的實踐和發(fā)展中，; [23:23.50]中醫(yī)形成了一個以中草藥 為核的完整獨立的理論體 系和療效獨特的臨床治療 方法，; [23:34.07]除了中草藥外還包括針灸 療法、按摩推拿和氣功療 法。; [23:41.80]今天，中醫(yī)以其獨特的療 效和科學本質(zhì)贏得全世界 的廣泛贊譽。我國積極發(fā) 展中醫(yī)，; [23:52.99]鼓勵中西醫(yī)結(jié)合診斷和治 療。目前，全國各地約有 2,500家中醫(yī)醫(yī)院，; [24:02.20]擁有一支50多萬人的中醫(yī) 專業(yè)隊伍。在中國100萬 家綜合醫(yī)院中，; [24:10.80]大部分都設有中醫(yī)部， 其外還有100多家中醫(yī)機 構(gòu)和研究中心。我相信， 我國的中醫(yī)研究前程似錦; [24:26.63]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation Text interpreting; [24:39.67]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [24:49.81]Lades and gentlmen, I am very happy to meet with so many scholars; [24:56.18]at this annual astrobiology conference; [24:59.52]in the beautiful city of San Francisco.; [25:03.42]I am also very happy that we will be discussing some of the big issues,; [25:09.04]like where we came from and whether we have companions beyond Earth.; [25:15.72]Here I'd like to share with you some of our recent discoveries.; [25:20.67]As regards the origin of life on earth,; [25:24.81]we used to believe that when life began on earth,; [25:28.77]the atmosphere contained nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases but no oxygen.; [25:36.56]Consequently,the sun's rays prevented life from developing on land.; [25:42.62]That explained why the first living organisms developed only under the sea.; [25:49.67]Under the influence of photosynthesis,; [25:53.38]the oxygen in the atmosphere increased and life expanded.; [25:59.06]Complex living organisms developed. As the oxygen in the atmosphere increased,; [26:07.29]life, which depends on the equilibrium of the atmosphere,; [26:12.60]was possible on the surface of the earth.; [26:16.69]Recently, we have come up with a very different hypothesis.; [26:22.50]We believe that hundreds of millions of years ago,; [26:27.20]a meteor crashed into a then-lifeless planet.; [26:31.40]Embedded in the meteor were carbon compounds; [26:35.48]that were to become the seeds of all life on earth.; [26:39.63]Our current hypothesis is that there was a seeding from elsewhere.; [26:46.24]Let's say a meteor that had originated in Mars landed in the Antarctic,; [26:52.24]and it contained evidence of life.; [26:55.76]We often ask why we are here, how life started, and if we are alone in the universe.; [27:04.42]These fundamental questions are often addressed by religion; [27:09.31]and by our sense of aesthetics, by spiritual feelings, feelings of values.; [27:17.10]But I think science can contribute to the best answers to these questions.; [27:23.90]In general, scientists are responsible to inform the public,; [27:29.15]to find out what they want,; [27:31.63]and to answer the questions that the public wants to know about nature.; [27:37.25]Last month,we observed the Leonid meteor showers,; [27:42.38]which occur in every November when Earth passes through the debris shed; [27:47.39]by the comet Tempel- Tuttle. We were aboard two U.S.; [27:52.40]Air Force craft that flew at night from the United Kingdom to Israel,; [27:58.58]then back through the Azores to Florida.; [28:01.92]The path allowed us to observe the meteors — some no bigger than a grain of sand —; [28:08.60]from an altitude of 11-and-a-half kilometers.; [28:13.67]Images of the meteors were fed through infrared spectro- graphic-instruments; [28:20.22]that can detect the unique chemical fingerprints; [28:23.62]of complex organic molecules of the type that may have "seeded" life on earth.; [28:30.06]Our spectrographic instruments caught a meteor "in the act"; [28:35.00]of disseminating organic molecules.; [28:38.28]We have a list of perhaps 100 carbon-containing compounds; [28:43.23]that have been dentified. These are the building blocks of life.; [28:48.30]We use the term "pre-biotic life" to describe them.; [28:52.69]So that is a major interest of astrobiology —; [28:56.77]to search for the chemicals that exist in the universe outside of earth; [29:01.77]that could lead to life, probably in some sort of continuous process.; [29:09.01]We may ask ourselves if we are ready, psychologically,; [29:13.03]to accept the possibility of life elsewhere.; [29:16.99]We must recognize that what we're doing is simply part of the trend; [29:22.43]that began with Copernicus and Galileo,; [29:26.38]who first showed us that Earth is not the center of the universe.; [29:31.21]That, and later discoveries that our galaxy is one of billions —; [29:36.03]with countless possibilities for life — indicates; [29:39.93]that we're part of something truly grand, in every sense of that word.; [29:45.24]That's all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.; [29:50.31]Extra Text for Practice; [29:55.88]Passage 1 Chinese-English Interpretation; [30:03.61]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [30:13.19]女士們，先生們：; [30:16.40]幾百年來，中國向全世界 傳播了其在五千年的歷史 長河中所積累的醫(yī)療保健 知識。; [30:26.18]今日中國的傳統(tǒng)保健方 法，如太極拳、氣功和按 摩等，正日益顯示其重 要性。; [30:36.93]中國人認為，太極是天地 萬物之根源.太極分為陰 陽二氣,陰陽二氣產(chǎn)生木 火、土、金、水這五行。; [30:56.53]五行代表或作用于人體 器官，即火對心，木對 肝，土對脾胃，金對肺， 水對腎。; [31:10.01]陰陽化合而生萬物，太極 則代表了陰陽調(diào)和。; [31:17.19]據(jù)《易經(jīng)》記載，保持身 心平衡是健康的要素。; [31:24.05]中醫(yī)理論著作《黃帝內(nèi) 經(jīng)》開卷第一章提出了心 神怡然以保氣防病的理 論，; [31:33.88]這一理論已成為當今氣功 健身研究的基礎理論。太 極拳、氣功和按摩這健身 三法，; [31:44.45]就是以《易經(jīng)》和《黃帝 內(nèi)經(jīng)》提出的理論為 基礎。; [31:50.88]長期以來，世界只知道中 國有指南針、火藥、造紙 和活字印刷四大發(fā)明。; [32:00.90]幾乎很少有人知道中國已 發(fā)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)絡的存在。經(jīng)絡 是指人體內(nèi)血氣運行通路 的主干與分支網(wǎng)絡，; [32:14.07]針刺穴位散布其間。北京 經(jīng)絡研究中心通過現(xiàn)代科 學方法，已經(jīng)證實了經(jīng)絡 的存在。; [32:25.88]經(jīng)絡的發(fā)現(xiàn)無疑是為 《易經(jīng)》和《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》 的理論提供了強有力的 佐證。; [32:34.16]今天世界各地學打太極 拳、學做氣功以及按摩的 人越來越多。; [32:43.75]這些健身之法不僅對人體 健康有效，而且對心腦健 康、性功能健康以及減 肥，都有很好的療效。; [32:56.86]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation; [33:04.77]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [33:14.35]My topic today is "The Car and Air Pollution".; [33:19.30]In particular, I want firstly to discuss the ways in which the car causes air pollution;; [33:26.17]and secondly,how we can control or reduce air pollution from the car.; [33:32.04]First, then, how does the car cause air pollution?; [33:36.74]What happens is that the car's internal combustion engine; [33:41.13]is a kind of chemical factory on a small scale.; [33:45.21]It uses a mixture of petrol and air, and this mixture explodes and burns,; [33:51.39]to produce the energy which propels the car. But while this is happening,; [33:56.96]many complicated chemical reactions are taking place.; [34:01.22]In particular, part of the petrol-air mixture is not completely burned up,; [34:06.91]and so the exhaust gases from the engine contain some very dangerous chemicals,; [34:13.10]such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and hydrocarbons.; [34:19.59]This is the situation, then,and it's going to get much worse,; [34:24.29]unless we do something about it.; [34:26.70]So—let's focus our attention now on ways of controlling; [34:31.34]or reducing the amount of air pollution caused by the car.; [34:35.72]I want to mention five possibilities.; [34:39.37]First, we can discourage the use of cars.; [34:43.39]For example,we can put higher taxes on petrol,; [34:47.54]and on cars themselves —especially the larger ones that use a lot of petrol.; [34:53.35]Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transport,; [34:58.05]both between and within urban areas.; [35:01.20]For instance, we can make train and bus services cheaper and more convenient.; [35:06.89]And we can build a mass transit system in large cities,; [35:11.22]particularly an underground railway system such as those in London, New York,; [35:17.21]Moscow and Tokyo.; [35:19.69]Next, we can use a different and cleaner fuel for the internal combustion engine.; [35:26.12]Possibilities in this regard include natural gas,; [35:30.82]fuel cells (i.e., batteries), and liquid hydrogen.; [35:36.13]Fourth, we can replace the present internal combustion engine with other designs.; [35:42.56]There are several possibilities being researched at present, such as electric,; [35:48.19]gas turbine, and "steam" engines.; [35:51.72]However, each of these engine designs has its own disadvantages.; [35:56.72]Last but not least, we are trying to control the emissions; [36:01.36]from the internal combustion engine much more strictly.; [36:05.13]This, for example, is a catalytic converter,; [36:08.66]which converts the most dangerous ingredients of the car exhaust into water; [36:13.60]and harmless gases. These are five possible ways,then,; [36:18.05]of controlling air pollution caused by cars.; [36:21.64]As I'm sure you can see,there are problems with each of these ways;; [36:25.78]but at least they're a step in the right direction.; [36:28.63]Probably the best answer is .a synthesis of all five.; [36:34.56]Passage 3 Chinese-English Interpretation; [36:41.98]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [36:51.51]野生大熊貓的數(shù)目已不已 足1000只,大熊貓瀕臨絕 跡.拯救國寶大熊貓已成 為中國人民的共同心愿。; [37:06.96]最近我們將大熊貓體細胞 的一個細胞核植入一兔子 的去核卵子里，培育出一 個大熊貓胚胎。; [37:19.02]現(xiàn)在我們將精力集中在克 隆大熊貓的第二步上，即 把胚胎植入另一只動物的 子宮里生長。; [37:30.77]自20世紀90年代初以來， 我們用人工授精的增加大 熊貓數(shù)量。; [37:39.30]也就是說，我們通過注入 性激素控制母本的體溫、 排卵期，以得卵子。; [37:47.90]然后讓父本的精子與卵子 結(jié)合，培植新的生命。; [37:55.38]在過去的6年中，我們用 這種廣泛已繁殖出6對雙 胞胎和7個單胞胎。; [38:04.22]但是就整個大熊貓家族的 命運來說，人工授精的方 法遠未令人滿意。; [38:13.25]此外,通常大熊貓產(chǎn)生的 卵子和精子數(shù)量很少,所 以當雌性大熊貓無法交配 時,; [38:23.57]這種方法也就起不了 作用。; [38:27.41]1997年，開始實施一個更 為雄心勃勃的計劃—— 克隆大熊貓。; [38:35.69]1998年中國科學院在這個 項目上投入?？睿⒃?1999年得到了科學技術(shù)部 的資助。; [38:46.82]這項實驗旨在將來大熊貓 體細胞的細胞核植入去核 卵子以造就一個全新的 生命。; [38:57.33]我們注意到，畸形、死胎 和夭折現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常發(fā)生在 克隆動物身上。; [39:06.11]統(tǒng)計數(shù)字顯示，在自然分 娩中畸形基因不到1%，試 管嬰兒的畸形胚胎基因 為15%，; [39:18.11]而克隆動物的畸形胚胎基 因為50%。真正的問題是 克隆大熊貓的第二步，; [39:28.31]即在另一種動物的子宮里 培育新的大熊貓。目前我 們還無法肯定哪一種動物 是理想的“代母體”。; [39:39.87]也許你會問，胚胎既然是 在兔子的卵子里培養(yǎng)的， 那么兔子應該是“母體”。; [39:48.34]然而問題是，兔子的子宮 對于大熊貓幼體來說實在 太小了。此外，大熊貓的 妊娠期為87天至170天，; [40:01.51]而兔子的妊娠期卻不到30 天。兔子怎能懷上大熊 貓?; [40:09.18]另一個問題是，即大熊貓 克隆出來，它只有親本的 DNA。因此，在某種程度 上，; [40:20.06]克隆方法是無法保護大熊 貓的。如果幼體大熊貓與 “代母親”一起生活，; [40:28.66]譬如說，與狗母親或熊 母親一起生活，學習 “母親”的行為和習性，; [40:36.63]那么它只難成為一只有著 大熊貓身體的狗或熊。如 果是這樣的話，克隆大熊 貓還有什么意義呢?; [40:48.69]不管怎么樣，克隆大熊貓 還是引起了人們的極大興 趣。無情的事實是，大熊 貓的繁殖能力太弱，; [41:00.38]大熊貓已瀕臨滅絕!當 然，克隆大熊貓并不意味 著取代大熊貓的自然繁 殖。; [41:10.39]恰恰相反，克隆只是對自 然繁殖和人工繁殖的一種 補充。; [41:17.32]我們認為，只要克隆方法 有利于保護大熊貓，我們 就要嘗試。; [41:24.37]即使我們獲得一個克隆的 大熊貓，我們?nèi)匀恍枰?更多的實驗來完善克隆技 術(shù)。; [41:32.47]克隆技術(shù)目前仍處于研究 階段，而不是生產(chǎn)階段。 我們科學家所要做的是在 實驗中學習，; [41:43.41]通過學習改進我們的研 究。克隆大熊貓是發(fā)展和 改進克隆技術(shù)的一種 方法。; [41:52.13]這種方法一旦成功，可以 用來拯救其他一些瀕臨滅 絕的動物。; [41:59.30]當然我們還應該充分意識 到，大熊貓生存的主要威 脅不是來自于大熊貓的繁 殖能力，; [42:08.64]而是來自于人類對大熊貓 自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。 這是任何一種克隆技術(shù)都 無法彌補的。; [42:18.47]我國政府早已明令禁止在 長江中上游砍伐樹木，這 對保護大熊貓及其生態(tài)環(huán) 境無疑是一個良好的開端; [42:30.53]隨著大熊貓的自然生態(tài)環(huán) 境的不斷改善，隨著克隆 技術(shù)的不斷完善，大熊貓 一定會生存下去。; [42:40.54]我們對大熊貓的未來充 滿信心。; [42:45.61]Passage 4 English-Chinese Interpretation; [42:50.74]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [42:57.61]Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated; [43:02.99]with the balance of qi — an energy force that flows through the body.; [43:09.54]Qi can be hindered or helped by yin and yang — opposing forces that, when balanced,; [43:18.88]work harmoniously together. According to traditional theory,; [43:25.18]the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin; [43:31.74]and yang in balance — and this is done by inserting needles; [43:37.74]at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body.; [43:45.34]In China, acupuncture is used to alleviate postoperative pain.; [43:52.14]Medical experts believe that inserting needles into the body; [43:57.77]at precise points can stimulate nerves; [44:01.36]that cause the brain to release its natural pain-killing chemicals.; [44:06.36]There is sufficient evidence in the literature; [44:10.14]that shows a positive effect between the technique; [44:14.03]of acupuncture itself — stimulating these acupuncture points in the skin —; [44:19.72]and the release of substances in the brain; [44:23.30]which we know to be associated with the relief of pain.; [44:28.75]The U. S. National Institute of Health has endorsed acupuncture; [44:34.56]for treating certain types of nausea, vomiting and pain,; [44:39.75]such as the nausea sort of sickness that a patient suffers; [44:44.20]when given an anesthetic for surgery, or treated with chemotherapy,; [44:49.71]or the vomiting or nausea that accompanies pregnancy,; [44:54.59]or post-operative dental pain.; [44:57.44]We have come to the very clear-cut sort of decision; [45:02.81]that treatment under these circumstances really works.; [45:07.27]Our principal concern in evaluating acupuncture's effectiveness; [45:13.02]has been the so-called Placebo effect — the possibility; [45:17.78]that beneficial outcomes derive not from the treatment itself,; [45:22.11]but from the patient's belief that it works.; [45:25.82]We got around the problem by measuring brain chemistry during acupuncture.; [45:32.00]Drugs were administered to block the brain's natural opiates; [45:36.95]while the patient was undergoing needle stimulation.; [45:41.27]As a result of the opiate blockage,; [45:44.37]the acupuncture had no effect in stopping pain — proving; [45:50.18]that there's physiolo- gical mechanism to acupuncture that goes beyond mere belief.; [45:56.61]Acupuncture is widely employed in easing cravings; [46:01.93]and withdrawal pains of heroin addicts.; [46:05.33]40% of the drug courts in the United States use acupuncture as part of their therapy.; [46:13.06]In the Miami system alone there are close to four hundred treatments per day.; [46:20.17]In some countries,such as Sweden,; [46:23.69]the doctors have had success with acupunc- ture in treating the effects of stroke.; [46:29.19]Those stroke patients getting acupuncture along with physical therapy; [46:35.19]did a lot better than those getting physical therapy alone.; [46:39.89]Studies show that one of the key benefits of acupuncture; [46:44.47]that seems to be emerging from various studies is that it has few,; [46:49.10]if any, side effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment —; [46:55.10]in anesthesia, for example — it allows physicians to cut back on medication,; [47:01.35]delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects.; [47:08.52]Unit eleven Catering Culture Text for Interpretation; [47:20.51]Passage 1 Chines-English Interpretation Text Interpreting; [47:31.20]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [47:40.90]我國悠久歷史、廣袤的國 土、與世界各國和海外文 化的廣泛接觸，孕育了中 餐烹飪的獨特藝術(shù)。; [47:53.73]幾千年的推陳出新和不斷 累積，使用中餐受到越來 越多的海外人士的青睞，; [48:02.28]成了我國對外文化交流的 友好使者。; [48:07.05]現(xiàn)代中國已享有“烹飪 王國”之美譽，精致的烹 調(diào)藝術(shù)盛行全球，中餐烹 飪已名列頂尖菜系之林。; [48:21.28]中餐烹調(diào)所用的天然配 料，品種繁多，幾無窮 盡;烹調(diào)方法，亦層出不 窮，不可悉數(shù)。; [48:32.79]這些無以倫比的中餐烹飪 特點，足以說明了中餐館 以及中餐烹調(diào)之所以名揚 海外的緣由。; [48:44.14]評判中餐烹調(diào)的優(yōu)劣可依 據(jù)中餐的三大要素， 即“色、香、味".; [48:53.43]"色“作為”色、香、味“這 三大要素首要標準，充分 體現(xiàn)在宴會菜肴的體現(xiàn)宴 會菜肴的裝盤和圖案。; [49:04.53]最能顯示色彩的是首先上 桌的那道煞費苦心而精心 制作的冷盤。; [49:12.76]“香”不僅是指鼻子對食 物的直接感受，它還包 括所選原料的新鮮程度以 及佐料的合理調(diào)配。; [49:24.44]“味”則體現(xiàn)了恰到好處 的調(diào)味藝術(shù)，當然它也 包括食物的質(zhì)地，以及 切菜的刀功。; [49:35.62]色、香、味這三大要素的 高品質(zhì)，; [49:40.22]只有通過選料、調(diào)料、適 時烹調(diào)、把握火候、裝盤 上桌這些微妙步驟的細心 協(xié)調(diào)，才能取得。; [49:51.57]八人一桌的標準晚餐含四 道冷盤、四道熱炒，外加 湯和米飯。外國賓客見 之，常常驚嘆不已，; [50:03.50]將其視為一次豐盛的晚 宴。但在中國人眼里， 以這種規(guī)格的晚餐招待客 人,只是一種起碼的標準.; [50:13.45]準備10道份量適中的菜肴 并不為過，即使獻上16道 菜，亦不足不奇。; [50:21.75]在中國，一桌標準宴席包 括四至八個事先制作好的 冷盤，; [50:28.82]八道現(xiàn)做的熱炒、兩道觀 賞性大菜(如全魚、 乳豬、全雞等)此外還有 湯、米飯和點心。; [50:40.50]晚宴結(jié)束前還有道水果。 來華訪問的海外賓客應記 住，赴宴不可貪吃，每道 菜”淺嘗輒止“。; [50:51.77]從這個角度上來講，中國 宴席猶如西方國家的冷餐 招待會。; [50:58.76]中國宴席桌上的酒通常為 啤酒、黃酒和烈性白酒三 種.人們往往以”干杯“ 的方式互相敬酒。; [51:09.61]”干杯“的意思是一口喝 干杯中的酒?！备伞傲?”杯“中的酒，可以表示 心誠和歡樂。; [51:18.41]當然，外國賓客與中國東 道主敬酒時，小啜一口也 未嘗不可。; [51:26.14]但是，中國的普通餐卻完 全不同于宴席。一個成年 人平時在家就餐時，通常 只吃兩小碗米飯，; [51:36.92]或一大碗面條，或幾只 饅頭，外加幾個葷素炒 菜，而非以菜為主，以米 飯或面食為輔。; [51:46.87]對大多數(shù)中國人來說，從 一餐飯中所攝取的熱量有 65%來自谷糧。; [51:55.83]作為一種世代相襲的傳 統(tǒng)，中國人就餐時圍桌而 坐，人人手里都有一碗主 食，炒菜放在桌子中央，; [52:07.42]大家一起食用。這一古老 的風俗習慣反映了食物在 中華文明史上的重要地 位：; [52:16.14]占據(jù)餐桌中心位置的是炒 菜，而不是鮮花，晚餐的 主要話題常常是食物。; [52:25.11]菜肴的各種色彩和材料搭 配,給人以美的享受.共食 一碗菜的習俗有助于家庭 成員之間的團結(jié)和友誼。; [52:37.52]當然，在一些衛(wèi)生意識比 較強的地方，人們在共食 放在餐桌中央的菜肴時，; [52:45.75]必須使用”公筷“或 ”公用“ 湯匙，以防 疾病傳染。; [52:51.26]以上所介紹的情況對外國 客人來說，雖不應是一種 離奇的”天方夜譚“，; [52:58.52]卻也說明中國人在飲食方 面所持的價值觀與西方有 很大的不同。; [53:05.92]不過，中國人民與世界各 民族人民都有一個相同的 基本觀念，即親朋好友相 聚,; [53:14.47]美酒佳肴相敬，實屬人 生之最大快樂也。;

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