英語口譯教程(第二版)--高級 05

[00:01.00]英語高級口譯資格證書考 試 高級口譯教程第二版 第五盒; [00:48.09]Unit eleven Catering Culture Text for Interpretation; [00:52.28]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation Text Interpreting; [01:03.19]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [01:12.93]Many changes are taking place in Americans' food styles.; [01:18.50]The United States is traditionally famous for its very solid; [01:23.32]and unchanging diet of meat and potatoes.; [01:26.79]Now we have many different alternatives to choose from: various ethnic foods,; [01:33.59]nutrition-balanced health food, and convenient and delicious fast food,; [01:39.20]in addition to the traditional home-cooked meal.; [01:43.41]Ethnic restaurants are commonplace in the United States.; [01:47.84]Because the United States is a country of immigrants,; [01:51.96]there is an immense variety in its catering cultures.; [01:56.66]Any large American city is filled with restaurants serving international cooking.; [02:02.84]Many cities even have ethnic sections: Chinatown, Little Italy, or Germantown.; [02:09.99]With this vast ethnic choice, we can enjoy food from all over the world.; [02:16.04]This is a pleasant thought for those who come here to travel or to work;; [02:21.22]they can usually find their native specialties.; [02:24.37]Besides sections of the cities, there are regions; [02:28.41]which are well known for certain food because of the people who settled there.; [02:33.85]For example, southern California has many Mexican restaurants,; [02:39.42]and Louisiana has a strong Creole accent to its food.; [02:44.24]Creole is a mixture of French, African, and Caribbean Island food.; [02:50.95]Health food gained popularity when people began to think more seriously; [02:56.61]about their physical well-being.; [02:59.07]The very term "health food"is ironic because it implies that there is also"unhealthy"food; [03:07.00]Health food includes natural food with minimal processing, i.e.,; [03:11.61]there are no preservatives to help it last longer; [03:15.78]or other chemicals to make it taste or look better.; [03:19.99]Most health food enthusiasts are vegetarians: They eat no meat;; [03:26.21]they prefer to get their essential proteins from other sources,; [03:30.34]such as beans, cheese, and eggs.; [03:33.84]Fast-food restaurants can be seen all over the country.; [03:38.45]Speed is a very important factor in the life of an American.; [03:43.14]People usually have a short lunch break; [03:46.83]or they just do not want to waste their time eating.; [03:51.17]Because fast-food restaurants are places; [03:54.28]which take care of hundreds of people in a short time,; [03:57.97]there is usually very little waiting.And the food is always cheap.; [04:03.49]Some examples are burger, pizza and fried chicken places.; [04:09.28]Americans' attitude toward food is changing, too.; [04:14.06]The traditional big breakfast is losing popularity.; [04:18.19]People are rediscovering the social importance of food.; [04:22.48]Dinner with family or friends is again becoming a very special way of; [04:27.09]enjoying and sharing. Like so many people in other cultures,; [04:33.05]many Americans are taking time to relax and enjoy the finer tastes at diner,; [04:38.32]even if they still rush through lunch at a hamburger stand.; [04:42.79]Extra Text for Practice; [04:47.53]Passage 1 Chinese-English Interpretation; [04:55.25]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [05:05.33]如果某人說"我喜歡中國 菜"這種說法似乎過于簡 單了.; [05:13.01]其實并不存在所謂的"中 國菜"這一簡單的概念.確 切的說法應(yīng)該是喜歡某一 種菜系,; [05:22.92]或者喜歡某一地區(qū)的中國 菜.像中國菜這樣幅員遼 闊、歷史悠久而又復(fù)雜的 國家，; [05:32.44]千百年來必然會形成具有 鮮明地方烹飪特色的區(qū)域 性菜系或幫菜。; [05:40.86]這種不可能避免的差異是 由地理位置、氣候條件、 交通狀況、人口遷移、; [05:48.97]海外文化影響等因素所 決定的。; [05:52.96]雖然中國究竟有多少種地 方菜系并無定論，但是有 關(guān)人士認(rèn)為，; [06:02.00]中國有魯菜、川菜、 粵菜、揚州菜等四大地方 菜系。福建——臺灣菜通常 被列為第五種地方菜系，; [06:15.11]必須指出，這種區(qū)域劃分 并無嚴(yán)格的地理界線。 例如，北京菜雖屬魯菜，; [06:24.80]卻也融入了一些川菜的特 色，并受到蒙古菜的 影響。; [06:30.46]又如，揚州菜系的范圍， 覆蓋了人口居住密集的整 個長江三角洲地區(qū)，; [06:38.71]匯集了無錫、蘇州、 上海、杭州等菜式。而全 國名地方風(fēng)味小吃以及小 數(shù)民族風(fēng)味餐，; [06:50.15]則數(shù)以千計，甚至難以 計數(shù)。; [06:54.93]由于地方菜系之間存在著 頻頻交覆現(xiàn)象，以及相互 借鑒的情況，人們因而認(rèn) 為，; [07:04.71]區(qū)分地方菜系最為簡便的 方法是按菜的知名度，而 不是按菜的烹調(diào)風(fēng)格或口 味進行辨別。; [07:15.42]中國四大菜系大致可按以 下這些特點區(qū)分：; [07:21.20]魯菜通常較咸，汁色普遍 較淺。魯菜注重選料，精 于刀工，善于炊技。; [07:33.70]作為我國北方菜系的代 表，魯菜烹飪技術(shù)廣泛 用于明清兩代的宮廷菜。; [07:43.13]川菜選料范圍大，調(diào)味 及炊技變化多樣。據(jù)統(tǒng) 計，川菜的品種在五千 以上。; [07:53.84]川菜最大的特點是口味 重，以麻辣著稱。; [07:59.67]最難歸類的粵菜強調(diào)輕 炒淺煮，選料似乎不受 限制。; [08:07.65]粵菜源于明清，在發(fā)展過 程中不僅吸收借鑒了中國 北方烹調(diào)和西餐烹調(diào)的精 華，; [08:17.96]同時也保持了自己的傳 統(tǒng)特色。; [08:22.78]揚州菜以江蘇省境內(nèi)的揚 州、南京、蘇州等地的地 方菜式為基礎(chǔ)。; [08:32.17]揚州菜注重選料的原汁原 味，在菜的裝飾上講究形 態(tài)的藝術(shù)性和顏色的鮮艷 性，; [08:42.34]揚州菜實際上揉合了南北 系之精華。; [08:47.56]也有人以八個字來歸納這 四大菜系的口味特點， 即“南淡北咸。 東甜西辣?！? [08:59.31]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation; [09:07.78]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [09:18.17]You'll find restaurants for every situation in the United States.; [09:23.00]If you're in a hurry, you may just want to grab some "junk food" at a grocery store,; [09:29.23]or you can get a bite to eat at one of the many fast food chains, like McDonald's,; [09:35.67]Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, or Taco Bell.; [09:41.16]Or you can get a hero or submarine sandwich "to stay"; [09:46.20]or "to go" from a sandwich shop or deli.; [09:49.88]Some of these places have tables, but many don't.; [09:53.74]People eat in their cars or take their food home, to their offices or to parks.; [10:00.54]If you prefer sitting down but still don't want to spend much,you can try a cafeteria.; [10:08.22]At all of these places you pick and choose your own food and then pay at a cash register; [10:15.63]but you usually have to clear the table when you finish!; [10:20.28]Coffee shops are usually less expensive and less dressy than fine restaurants.; [10:26.86]So are pizza places, pancake houses, sandwich shops and family restaurants.; [10:34.88]But the name of a restaurant won't necessarily tell you much; [10:38.65]about the kind of place it is or the food it serves.; [10:43.17]Like most fast food restaurants and cafeterias,; [10:47.91]many restaurants don't serve alcoholic beverages.; [10:51.81]This is often because they want people to feel comfortable brin- ging their children.; [10:57.86]Minors can eat at restaurants that serve beer and wine,; [11:02.29]but they are not allowed to enter pubs, taverns, cocktail lounges or bars.; [11:08.00]You may be asked to show some ID that proves your age before you go into a bar.; [11:15.32]In the United States,; [11:17.12]the law forbids people under the age of 21 from drinking alcoholic beverages.; [11:25.32]Unit twelve China and Its Reform Text for Interpretation; [11:36.20]Passage 1 Chines-English Interpretation Text Interpreting; [11:47.16]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [11:56.77]我國人民按照“抓住機 遇,深化改革，擴大開 放，促進發(fā)展，保持穩(wěn) 定”的方針，團結(jié)奮斗，; [12:07.16]開拓進取，社會主義現(xiàn)代 化事業(yè)取得了重大成就。; [12:12.90]我國的經(jīng)濟體制改革進一 步深化，國民經(jīng)濟快速增 長。; [12:19.18]工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益明顯改 善，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長 率達到預(yù)期目標(biāo)。; [12:27.33]國家財政收入總額首次破 萬億元，達到11,377億 元。科技教育和社會事業(yè) 全面發(fā)展，; [12:39.75]技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化 的步伐加快。教育改革邁 出新的步伐，素質(zhì)教育逐 步推進。; [12:48.91]環(huán)境保護和生態(tài)建設(shè)明顯 加強。文學(xué)藝術(shù)、新聞出 版、廣播影視、計劃生 育、; [12:58.74]衛(wèi)生體育等各項事業(yè)都取 得了新成績。人民生活進 一步改善，社會保持穩(wěn) 定。; [13:07.82]我們偉大的祖國欣欣向 榮，各項事業(yè)蒸蒸日上。; [13:14.22]根據(jù)建設(shè)有中國特色的社 會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的要 求，我們對財稅、金融、; [13:23.37]外匯、外貿(mào)、投資、價格 和流通體制進行了重大改 革。; [13:30.62]由于全國人民上下齊心協(xié) 力，改革取得了預(yù)期的效 果。這將對今后的改革和 發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。; [13:41.76]繼續(xù)推進改革開放和現(xiàn)代 化建設(shè)仍然是我們的中心 任務(wù)。; [13:47.90]我們要繼續(xù)執(zhí)行中央關(guān)于 推動改革開放和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展 的一系列政策措施，; [13:55.53]正確處理改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn) 定的關(guān)系，在提高效益的 前提下保持國民經(jīng)濟持續(xù) 快速健康發(fā)展。; [14:06.32]切實加強社會主義精神文 明建設(shè)和民主法制建設(shè)， 促進社會全面進步。; [14:15.84]我們要繼續(xù)實施積極的財 政政策，這是當(dāng)前擴大內(nèi) 需直接而有效的手段。; [14:24.52]與些同時，我們要努力發(fā) 揮貨幣政策的作用， 綜合運用多種手段調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng) 濟運行。; [14:33.95]我們要鞏固和完善宏觀管 理體制改革的措施，進一 步轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能。; [14:42.64]我們要加快經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的戰(zhàn) 略性調(diào)整，優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié) 構(gòu)，堅持市場為導(dǎo)向， 依靠科技進步，; [14:52.90]采取適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng) 濟發(fā)展的新機制、新方 法。我們要進一步穩(wěn)定和 加強農(nóng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)地位，; [15:03.16]加大工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度， 大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)。實施 西部地區(qū)大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略， 加快中西部地區(qū)的發(fā)展，; [15:15.27]是一項系統(tǒng)工程和長期 任務(wù)，必須統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃， 突出重點，分步實施。; [15:23.60]東部地區(qū)要繼續(xù)發(fā)揮科技 優(yōu)勢，不斷提高經(jīng)濟素質(zhì) 和競爭力，有條件的地方 要率實行現(xiàn)代化。; [15:35.31]我們要深化企業(yè)勞動、人 事、分配等各項制度改 革，建立企業(yè)激勵機制和 約束機制。; [15:45.66]穩(wěn)步推進國有經(jīng)濟的戰(zhàn)略 性調(diào)整。積極探索公有制 的多種有效實現(xiàn)形式。; [15:54.83]宜于實行股份制的國有大 中型企業(yè)，要利用股票市 場，抓緊進行股份制改 革。; [16:04.21]堅持公有制經(jīng)濟為主體， 鼓勵和引導(dǎo)個體、私營等 非公有制經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展。; [16:14.47]我們要重視和加強基礎(chǔ)研 究和高技術(shù)研究，支持一 支精干的高水平科研隊 伍，; [16:23.90]在這些領(lǐng)域進行開拓性的 工作。繼續(xù)推進科技管理 體制改革，使應(yīng)用型科研 機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)制為企業(yè)，; [16:36.45]我們要深化教育改革，全 面推進素質(zhì)教育，努力培 養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神和實踐 能力，; [16:45.92]促進學(xué)生德、智、體、 美全面發(fā)展。; [16:51.10]我們必須抓住加入世貿(mào)組 織的新的機遇，以更為積 極的姿態(tài)擴大對外開放。; [17:00.00]我們要繼續(xù)衽以質(zhì)取勝和 市場多元化戰(zhàn)略，努力擴 大出口。; [17:07.85]一是積極調(diào)整出口商品結(jié) 構(gòu)，提高高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的 出口比重。; [17:15.31]二是積極開拓國際市場， 特別要大力拓展非洲、拉 美、東歐、獨聯(lián)體等新興 市場，; [17:25.79]鼓勵有能力的企業(yè)到境外 投資辦廠，繼續(xù)發(fā)展對外 承包工程和勞務(wù)合作。; [17:34.08]三是改革配額管理和招標(biāo) 的辦法，優(yōu)化進口商品結(jié) 構(gòu)，; [17:41.49]增加國內(nèi)急需的關(guān)鍵 設(shè)備、技術(shù)和重要原 材料的進口。; [17:48.59]我們要積極有效地利用外 資，進一步擴大對外開放 的領(lǐng)域和地域。; [17:55.87]逐步推進商業(yè)、外貿(mào)、金 融、保險、證券、電信、 旅游和中介服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的 對外開放。; [18:06.49]放寬外商投資在技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn) 讓、內(nèi)銷比例和一些行 業(yè)持股比例的限制。; [18:14.78]我們要積極吸引跨國公司 來華投資，尤其是對農(nóng)業(yè) 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)和 高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的投資; [18:27.85]我們要國際多邊舞臺上繼 續(xù)發(fā)揮積極和建設(shè)性的作 用。我們愿同世界各國人 民一道，; [18:37.10]推動建立和平穩(wěn)定、公正 合理的國際政治經(jīng)濟新秩 序，; [18:43.81]促進多極化趨勢的發(fā)展， 為實現(xiàn)世界的和平、穩(wěn) 定、發(fā)展、繁榮作出不 懈的努力。; [18:55.61]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation Text interpreting; [19:07.89]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [19:17.41]China is starting a new Revolution,; [19:21.35]a revolution of modernization and globalization.; [19:25.65]It is the coming of the Information Age to China,; [19:29.47]happening with an astonishing speed.; [19:32.27]Everything in China doubles every ten years;; [19:35.56]some things double every two and a half; the Internet doubles every year.; [19:41.97]One can start with a figure.; [19:44.86]In June of this millennium year there were 12.6 million Chinese; [19:49.82]who were "wired"— that is, they had access to the Internet.; [19:54.47]Perhaps that does not sound all that impressive a figure;; [19:58.02]after all, it amounts to only 1 per cent of the Chinese population.; [20:02.84]But this number is more than doubling every year.; [20:06.57]Last year, less than 0.5 per cent of Chinese had access to the Internet.; [20:13.19]At this rate,more than 8 percent of the Chinese population; [20:17.71]will be connected to the Net in less than three years.; [20:22.05]That would be 100 million people,; [20:24.99]a larger number than are currently connect- ed to the Internet in the United States.; [20:30.56]In Beijing we paid a visit to Legend,; [20:34.07]the leading Chinese computer and software company.; [20:37.89]It has a $7 billion market capitalization on the Hong Kong stock exchange; [20:43.54]and is 40 per cent owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,; [20:48.06]which makes that institution a great deal richer than the Royal Society.; [20:53.45]Of course, the high technology part of China's economy remains; [20:58.02]only a tiny fraction of the whole.; [21:00.82]The industrial and commercial sector employs; [21:03.94]only about 20 per cent of Chinese workers,and high-tech is a small fraction of that.; [21:10.25]High-tech is important in employment terms only in the coastal development zones,; [21:16.17]such as Shenzhen and the conurbation of Shanghai.; [21:20.30]Shenzhen,a 20-year-old high-tech city of four million people opposite Hong Kong,; [21:26.87]has a gross domestic product per head of US$7,000,; [21:32.36]which is expected to double by 2005.; [21:36.48]The cost of living is only a fifth of that of the United States.; [21:41.35]This city is as rich as California in terms of local purchasing power parity,; [21:47.93]though that is only a very rough comparative guide.; [21:51.30]China now has three economies — a huge 18th-century agriculture,; [21:57.31]a large 20th-century industry and a small 21st-century advanced technology;; [22:04.11]the newest is the most important for the future. It is already by far the richest.; [22:10.64]This sector is also the youngest. Most of the employees are 30 years old or younger;; [22:17.79]many are still students. As in the West,; [22:21.30]this is the age group driving the Information Age.; [22:24.64]They are the generation that understands what is already happening.; [22:29.15]They know that the future of China as a modern economy depends on advanced technology; [22:36.22]one cannot have the Information Age without information.; [22:40.16]They know that these changes — economic, technological,; [22:44.46]social and political — are continuing.; [22:47.93]To the world, what is impressive is how much has changed; [22:51.87]in the 20 years since Deng Xiaoping started the reform — the quintupling of economy; [22:58.14]the recovery of Hong Kong and Macao, the success of the new development zone,; [23:03.63]the opening to world trade, the television set in every living room,; [23:08.76]the computer in every household, the rise in the expectation of life to Western levels; [23:15.16]the greater freedom of employment and speech.; [23:19.59]The young Chinese expect these favorable trends to continue; [23:24.11]with the continuation of China's economic reform;; [23:27.40]they think the China of 20 years ahead will be as much better than the China of; [23:32.92]today as the China of today is much better than that of 20 years ago.; [23:40.55]Extra Text for Practice; [23:44.28]Passage 1 Chinese-English Interpretation; [23:51.78]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [24:02.97]我國的技術(shù)曾經(jīng)改變了世 界的面貌。早在公元1世 紀(jì)我國就發(fā)明了造紙術(shù)， 1000年后又發(fā)明了火藥。; [24:17.70]公元1500年前的整整1000 年間，我國無疑是世界上 技術(shù)最先進的國家。; [24:28.40]但是此后的中國閉關(guān)鎖 國,錯過了工業(yè)革命,數(shù)百 年停滯不前，并受到西方 列強的欺凌達100年之久.; [24:42.26]今天，改革開放的中國站 在一場技術(shù)復(fù)興運動的前 列。外國資本開始以前所 未有速度涌入我國，; [24:54.54]技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)因此而受益。 中外投資者都認(rèn)為， 軟件、電信、材料技術(shù)、; [25:03.36]生物工藝和保健技術(shù)是中 國的強有力的核心技術(shù)。; [25:09.37]然而，我國新興的技術(shù)產(chǎn) 業(yè)面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，只 有戰(zhàn)勝這些挑戰(zhàn)，才能恢 復(fù)歷史的輝煌。; [25:21.08]我們必須正視這些挑戰(zhàn)， 學(xué)習(xí)和利用西方先進的技 術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗，創(chuàng)造新發(fā) 明，開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品。; [25:33.05]中國科學(xué)院附屬沈陽自動 化研究所證明，中國有能 力把理論軟件技術(shù)同工程 技術(shù)結(jié)合起來。; [25:44.15]這家研究所曾經(jīng)引進了美 國一家公司的技術(shù)、自動 控制裝置樣品、零部件和 培訓(xùn)項目。; [25:53.97]通過技術(shù)引進和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn) 讓，現(xiàn)在該所的技術(shù)和軟 件同美國不相上下。; [26:02.74]但是要使技術(shù)不斷更新， 開發(fā)更先進的產(chǎn)品，沈 陽自動化研究所需要大量 的資金投入。; [26:13.53]研究所需要新的外國合 作伙伴。; [26:17.79]我國有些大學(xué)研究所開發(fā) 的技術(shù)難以產(chǎn)生效益，甚 至找不到市場。; [26:25.55]例如，久負(fù)盛名的上海交 通大學(xué)早在30年前就開始 研究集成電路，并成功地 研制出一個微型馬達，; [26:37.48]體積僅為一粒芝麻的四分 之一大小，比美國、歐洲 和日本的一些大學(xué)所設(shè)計 出的樣品還要小,還要輕.; [26:49.71]這種馬達可用在微型自控 裝置和外科手術(shù)內(nèi)窺鏡等 器具上。; [26:57.91]現(xiàn)在的問題是，我國沒有 一家醫(yī)療器械制造廠家擁 有必要的設(shè)施、; [27:05.50]資金和技術(shù)來批量生產(chǎn)這 種微型馬達。由于生產(chǎn)這 類產(chǎn)品需要大量的設(shè)備和 高水平的技術(shù)，; [27:16.55]因此我們要求實力雄厚的 大公司合作，使樣品盡轉(zhuǎn) 化為商品。; [27:26.12]我國是世界上的發(fā)明大 國，但是很多發(fā)明無法走 出實驗室，歸根結(jié)底是資 金問題。; [27:36.42]我們希望風(fēng)險投資機構(gòu)和 私人權(quán)益投資者能參與解 決資金匱乏的問題。; [27:44.18]這些機構(gòu)的投資方式能使 它們得到的保護大于其他 直接投資商。; [27:52.34]例如，某一投資基金可以 通過一家海外公司把資金 輸入在華的某家公司。; [28:02.08]這家在華公司盈利后，可 以贏利部分回流到該基金 屬下的那家公司。; [28:10.02]如果該基金希望得到這些 利潤，它可以讓那家海外 公司上市，通?？梢栽诿?國上市。; [28:19.32]同幾年前相比，我們對風(fēng) 險資本和直接投資有了更 多的了解，更富有經(jīng)驗。; [28:28.35]我們將在短期內(nèi)草擬一個 鼓勵高技術(shù)公司的一攬子 計劃，; [28:34.71]建立吸引大量資本所必須 的法律和股市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。 我們相信，在不久的將 來，; [28:43.79]“中國制造”這幾個字將再 次與改變?nèi)藗兩畹陌l(fā)明 聯(lián)系在一起。; [28:53.00]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation; [29:00.63]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [29:10.76]Mr.Chairman, I feel honored to be invited to attend; [29:16.29]"Fudan International Conference on Stock Market Development"; [29:21.37]I would like to thank you,Mr.Chairman, for giving me the opportunity; [29:27.08]to give a lecture on the topicof "Stock Market and Market Psychology"; [29:33.87]The economist John Maynard Keynes argued that market behavior could not be rational,; [29:41.94]or subject to improvement,; [29:44.27]since our existing knowledge did not provide a sufficient basis; [29:49.31]for a calculated mathematical expectation of investment returns.; [29:55.32]I think this observation is particularly true; [29:59.09]when the object of speculation involves the application of a new technology,; [30:05.41]such as the Internet. Modern financial theory attempts to surmount the problem; [30:12.95]of an unknowable future by suggesting that returns can be predicted; [30:19.36]by measuring the past volatility of share prices —; [30:24.36]shares that exhibit higher volatility are expected to yield greater returns-; [30:30.76]Yet this assumes the future will be a continuation of the past —; [30:36.02]like steering a car by looking in the rear-view mirror.; [30:40.27]Investors therefore remain heavily dependent on their emotions.; [30:46.24]The feelings of"greed" and "fear" that drive markets remain consta- nt throughout the ages; [30:53.87]The psychology of the market is one that includes both the psy- chology of investing; [31:00.62]and the psychology of gambling.; [31:03.65]There are the compulsive attractions of gambling in the market.; [31:09.40]The undulating moods of the stock market,; [31:12.25]alternating between its bull phase of energy greediness and grandiosity,; [31:18.78]and the bear phase of timidity, anxiety, indecisiveness and self-doubt,; [31:25.27]reflect the manic behavior of the gambling addict.; [31:29.13]Speculation differs from most gambling activities; [31:33.08]in that the beliefs of the participants affect the results.; [31:37.60]In certain circumstances speculators are capable of creating; [31:42.38]self-fulfilling prophecies.; [31:44.83]Success in speculation is ultimately dependent on finding someone else; [31:51.68]to buy your shares at a higher price than you paid for him or her.; [31:58.43]Every speculative bubble resembles a chain lettor; [32:03.34]in that profits are provided by late entrants to the market.; [32:07.73]Everyone is attempting to anticipate the immediate intentions of his competitors.; [32:13.74]In such circumstances, paying attention to shifts; [32:17.64]in market psychology becomes essential.; [32:21.72]The crowd mentality remains a potent source of investor irrationality,; [32:27.55]whether in London's coffee house stock market of the 17th century; [32:32.60]or in the Internet investment bulletin boards today.; [32:36.85]Freud identified the key features of a crowd mentality: invincibility,; [32:41.94]irresponsibility, impetuosity,contagion, changeability, suggestibility,; [32:52.33]collective hallucination and intellectual inferiority.; [32:57.59]Again, we find these traits during the later stages of a bull market.; [33:03.95]What makes matter even worse is that speculators as a group are susceptible; [33:10.44]to "cognitive dissonance" — they block out negative,or dissonant,; [33:15.05]information and focus only on the positive aspects of their position.; [33:21.06]This explains why speculators pay little heed to warnings.; [33:26.15]Why are people unable to escape the lure of the crowd?; [33:30.71]The answer can be found in the nature of our material ambitions.; [33:36.06]The quest for wealth is calculated not in absolute but in relative terms.; [33:42.20]We always measure our fortunes against those of our contemporaries.; [33:47.50]Many people find it too painful to remain inactive while others are speculating; [33:52.86]and making money. The individual has little to lose by assuming the same risks,; [33:59.13]because when the market turns, his relative position is unaffected.; [34:03.91]Usually, speculators appear to forget their painful experiences more and more quickly.; [34:10.66]Hence we find the periodical recurrences of speculative booms.; [34:16.63]There must be a vast fund of stupidity in human nature,; [34:21.19]or else men would not be caught, a thousand times over,by the same snare.; [34:27.68]The only way to avoid this fate is to maintain a contrarian position —; [34:33.51]go against the market psychology — which,; [34:37.33]of course, is both lonely and involves a great test of will.; [34:42.99]Unit thirteen The Information Age Text for Interpretation; [34:56.67]Passage 1 Chines-English Interpretation Text Interpreting; [35:06.84]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [35:16.10]女士們、先生們：; [35:18.69] 各位下午好!我很高興 能出席這次中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè) 專題報告會的開幕典禮， 并作簡短的介紹性發(fā)言。; [35:30.35]在這個信息時代，中國沒 有哪一個產(chǎn)業(yè)像網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè) 發(fā)展得這么快。; [35:38.51]這個產(chǎn)業(yè)在我國被稱之 為“朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)”，我想在 世界其他地方也是 如此。; [35:48.16]但是，我國的網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè)雖 然前途光明，卻也面臨著 許多挑戰(zhàn)需要我們?nèi)?yīng) 付，; [35:57.11]許多問題問題需要我們?nèi)?解決，否則這個行業(yè)難以 得到充分發(fā)展。; [36:05.96]近年來網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè)急速發(fā) 展。據(jù)中國因特網(wǎng)信息中 心的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，中國的公 共網(wǎng)絡(luò)已覆蓋365個城市，; [36:19.69]上網(wǎng)電腦達520萬臺，經(jīng) 常上網(wǎng)者達1,260萬人以 上，網(wǎng)址有23,000個。; [36:32.24]估計兩年以后，中國的網(wǎng) 民人數(shù)將躍居全球第二， 僅次于美國。; [36:40.79]然而，這個快速發(fā)展的產(chǎn) 業(yè)出現(xiàn)了一些問題，; [36:46.80]其中大部分問題產(chǎn)業(yè)的原 因是因為中國在準(zhǔn)備不足 的情況下飛速越入了這個 信息時代，; [36:56.88]遇到的問題涉及到網(wǎng)絡(luò)服 務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息、電子商務(wù) 等。; [37:04.43]要想開發(fā)一個擁有12億人 口的市場，網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)部門 應(yīng)該改進服務(wù)，使普通用 戶能輕松上網(wǎng)，; [37:15.74]使上網(wǎng)的簡便程度如同打 開家用電器一般。; [37:21.14]中國的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息公司，如 著名的“新浪”和“搜狐” 公司，也正在苦戰(zhàn)。; [37:28.81]雖然它們吸引了大量的投 資以及媒體的關(guān)注，但因 為上網(wǎng)廣告有限，; [37:35.79]所以大部分公司處于入不 敷出的境地。這些公司每 天度日如年，對它們來 說，; [37:44.91]每天面臨的都是一場生 與死的較量。 中國電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展速度 大大超出了人們預(yù)料。; [37:55.74]例如中國第一家電子商務(wù) 網(wǎng)站公司“8848”開張 不到8個月的營業(yè)額 已達1，250萬元，; [38:06.71]目前公司 的虛擬商店有 20多萬種“上架”商品， 估計今年將達到100萬種。; [38:16.62]盡管中國電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展 引人注目，但要想進一步 發(fā)展，就必須改進付費、; [38:25.00]交貨和交易安全性這些問 題，例如引進SSL和SET這 類廣泛用于萬維網(wǎng)的安保 技術(shù)。; [38:37.76]如果說過去的兩年是中國 網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的起步階段，那 么今年將是這些公司的資 本市場篩選年。; [38:48.24]能否得到資金將決定這些 公司的生存。在這場投資 競爭中，大而強的公司將 在股市上成功上市。; [39:00.34]“中華網(wǎng)”網(wǎng)站公司去年 7月進入納斯達克，上市 第一天的市值就上升 了2倍。; [39:09.51]現(xiàn)在已有20多家中國網(wǎng)絡(luò) 公司申請在納斯達克或香 港股市上市，這些網(wǎng)站公 司有“新浪”、“搜狐”、; [39:21.53]“網(wǎng)易”，“8848”、 “找到啦”、億唐“、 ”e龍“、易趣網(wǎng)”、 “酷必得”和“中國人”。; [39:32.27]這些公司能否在海外上市 在很大程度上取決于它們 的業(yè)績。; [39:39.77]中國證監(jiān)會認(rèn)為，公司在 海外上市應(yīng)該具備三個條 件：一是公司資產(chǎn)必須達 到4億元;; [39:50.91]第二是上市前一年的公司 稅后利潤必須達到 6,000萬元;; [39:58.98]第三是公司從股市上能籌 集到的資金不少于 5,000萬美元。; [40:07.32]為了促進中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè)快 速而健康的發(fā)展，我們必 須采取一些適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧? [40:16.04]我在這里提出一些建議， 供各位參考。; [40:20.52]首先，中國應(yīng)該對國內(nèi)和 國外因特網(wǎng)市場的發(fā)展情 況、網(wǎng)絡(luò)投資政策以及反 托拉斯政策進行研究。; [40:33.41]第二，政府應(yīng)該盡快起草 有關(guān)電信、網(wǎng)絡(luò)投資和服 務(wù)收費等方面的法規(guī)。; [40:43.81]第三，中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司應(yīng)該 盡快在國內(nèi)上市。我國的 網(wǎng)絡(luò)投資者往往把資金分 別投在不同的公司上，; [40:56.13]我認(rèn)為它們應(yīng)該集中投 資，使公司具備更強的 金融能力。; [41:05.16]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation Text interpreting; [41:17.09]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [41:27.27]Ladies and gentlemen,; [41:29.94]Planet Earth will don an electronic skin in the not-too-distant future.; [41:35.82]It will use the Internet as a scaffold to transmit its sensations.; [41:42.05]This skin is being stitched together.; [41:45.60]It consists of millions of electronic measuring devices, such as thermostats,; [41:52.09]pollution detectors, cameras, EKGs.; [41:55.91]These will probe and monitor cities and endangered species, the atmosphere,; [42:02.44]our ships, highway vehicles, our bodies — even our dreams.; [42:08.50]It is predicted that ten years from now,; [42:12.09]there will be trillions of such telemetric systems,; [42:16.04]each with a microprocessor brain and a radio.; [42:20.78]They will be in constant contact with one another.; [42:24.72]What will the earth's new skin permit us to feel? How will we use its sensation?; [42:32.27]For a decade or longer there will be no central nervous system; [42:37.22]to manage this vast signaling network. And there will be no central intelligence.; [42:44.15]But we believe that some qualities of self-awareness will emerge; [42:49.72]once the Net is sensually enhanced and emulates the complexi- ty of the human brain.; [42:57.27]Sensuality is only one force pushing the Net toward intelligence.; [43:03.32]An eerie symbiosis of human and machine effort is also starting to evolve.; [43:10.03]The Internet creates a channel for thousands of programmers around the world; [43:15.16]to collaborate on software development and debugging. Through collaboration,; [43:21.91]this community can push past the technical barriers to machine intelligence.; [43:28.84]And though silicon networks today look nothing like the brain,; [43:33.58]nodes of the Net have begun to function as neuron.; [43:38.54]Researchers have already tackled complex computing problems,; [43:43.18]such as interpreting interstellar radio signals; [43:46.74]with about a million PCs working in concert.; [43:50.55]Before long, discrete microprocessors will probably be knitted together; [43:56.69]into ad hoc distributed computers. Don't think of these as PC networks.; [44:03.97]The terminals would just as likely be cell phones of palm-like devices,; [44:09.59]each one far smarter than today's heftiest desktops.; [44:14.06]We may think of this as a whole ecology,; [44:18.10]an information environment that's massively connected.; [44:23.10]Such a system works on a very simple principle, that is,; [44:27.61]"Individuals add and team players multiply"; [44:31.56]The whole will add up to more than the sum of its parts.; [44:35.90]Individual ants, for example, can't fight off an attacking wasp, but a colony can.; [44:43.84]A single brain cell is a simpleton,; [44:47.00]but a few tens of billions can perform mental miracles.; [44:51.82]The network itself will become a huge digital creature.; [44:56.60]We will carefully design it so that it will help human beings, not harm them.; [45:03.05]That may not be easy, however. Emergent behavior could be mis- chievous,even sinister; [45:11.60]In a real network, the digital clans might have distinct points of view,; [45:18.01]and one might be antithetical to another.; [45:21.73]By the time something like that happens,; [45:25.29]networks should gain some of the resilience and safeguards of living organisms.; [45:30.94]Networks will learn to heal themselves. And when the earth's own skin signals danger —; [45:38.27]seismic activity, a geomagnetic storm, or a worrisome spike in financial transactions; [45:46.16]— the Net will sense it, alert people and reroute traffic.; [45:52.30]Humanity is now preparing to cast its net across the solar system.; [45:58.49]At a NASA laboratory in California,; [46:01.38]scientists are devising a version of the Internet called InterPlaNet; [46:06.60]that will weave the moon, Mars, and some asteroids and comets; [46:11.16]into the earth's expanding nervous system.; [46:15.50]Today's communications between earth and unmanned probes are expensive,proprietary,; [46:19.58]and complex. With InterPlaNet, we can simplify everything, cut costs,; [46:28.92]and engage the public more effectively.; [46:32.26]Then, the earth's telemetric body will span the reaches of the solar system.; [46:37.61]The Net may not experience all the human thrills of exploration,; [46:42.56]but it will feel some tingles up and down its spine.; [46:47.30]Extra Text for Practice; [46:52.21]Passage 1 Chinese-English Interpretation; [46:59.71]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English:; [47:09.89]今天我想談一下網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代 給人們的作息安排帶來的 影響。; [47:17.78]從前人們?nèi)粘龆鳎章?而息。沒有人關(guān)心別的地 方是否陽光燦爛。聲音傳 達不到地球的另一端。; [47:30.63]時間只是一個區(qū)域性的概 念:擠牛奶有規(guī)定的時間, 割稻收麥有規(guī)定的時間坐 下來休息也有規(guī)定的時間; [47:43.92]不知從哪一天開始，這些 都發(fā)生了變化。今天，商 務(wù)和通信二十四小時不停 地進行著。; [47:54.97]在有線電視的新聞節(jié)目所 報道的事件不是在幾點鐘 發(fā)生，而是在一個小時或 30分鐘前發(fā)生。; [48:05.81]當(dāng)?shù)貢r間已不再是一個有 意義的時間標(biāo)志。; [48:10.81]在這個信息時代，因特網(wǎng) 永遠(yuǎn)不會休息，永遠(yuǎn)不會 睡覺.而人總是要睡覺的, 而且必須睡覺，; [48:21.90]因為人若要活下去就必須 按自己的生物鐘生活。然 而在這個信息時代，共同 的日常信息制度已經(jīng)消亡; [48:34.36]人與社會將從根本上受到 沖擊。譬如說，我們的伙 伴也許已不是社區(qū)的 鄰居，; [48:43.96]而是電子目錄上的那些 人，或許根本就不存在什 么伙伴。; [48:51.42]二十四小時的全天候時間 表在改變著我們的生活方 式。21世紀(jì)的辦公地點無 處不在。; [49:01.55]我們外出度假時會隨身攜 帶無線手機或手提電腦。; [49:08.09]有些人甚至把手機帶入音 樂廳和會議廳，因為在 他們看來，; [49:14.97]錯過一個重要的商業(yè)信息 是不可彌補的過失。; [49:19.79]二十四小時的超高速的 “因特網(wǎng)時間”使用我們無 法靜心休息和思考。; [49:27.21]越來越多的企業(yè)行政主管 開始把自己有時間睡覺作 為吹牛的資本。; [49:35.06]對他們來說，地位的最大 標(biāo)志在于有能力按照自然 的生物鐘而非網(wǎng)絡(luò)鐘來工 作和休息。; [49:46.37]當(dāng)然，從信息時代退回到 農(nóng)耕時代是不可能的。 我認(rèn)為，正確的態(tài)度應(yīng)該 是順應(yīng)時代的潮流，; [49:57.25]做時代的主人，而不要 做21世紀(jì)的奴隸。我們要 在這個二十四小時的因特 網(wǎng)時間表內(nèi)，; [50:06.50]學(xué)會按照自己的生物鐘來 按排自己的生活，而不要 去追趕永不落的網(wǎng)絡(luò) 太陽。; [50:15.67]二十四小地拼命追趕網(wǎng) 絡(luò)太陽無疑是一種無能的 表現(xiàn)，等于蠟燭兩頭燃。; [50:24.92]我認(rèn)為，我們既要有生有 息的生物蠟燭，又要永不 熄滅的網(wǎng)絡(luò)電燈。; [50:34.44]Passage 2 English-Chinese Interpretation; [50:42.07]Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:; [50:51.33]Ladies and gentlemen, good morning.; [50:53.96]My topic today is "New Rules for Building Wealth in the Information Age."; [50:59.66]The old foundations of success are gone.; [51:03.65]For all of human history the source of success; [51:07.11]has been controlling natural resources— land, gold and oil.; [51:12.55]Suddenly the answer is "knowledge." The king of the knowledge economy, Bill Gates,; [51:19.28]owns no land, no gold or oil, no industrial processes.; [51:25.06]How does one use knowledge to build wealth?; [51:28.92]How do societies have to be reorganized to generate a wealth-enhancing knowledge environment?; [51:35.72]How do they incubate the entrepreneurs necessary to bring about change; [51:40.72]and create wealth?What skills are needed?; [51:44.45]The knowledge-based economy is asking new questions, giving new answers,; [51:49.67]and developing new rules for the success game.; [51:53.27]Rule I- No one ever becomes very rich by saving money.; [51:58.92]Information technology has opened up opportunities for new products; [52:04.10]with more advanced capabilities and new processes; [52:08.27]with much higher levels of productivity.; [52:11.16]This was true for John Rockefeller as it is for Bill Gates.; [52:16.12]For both of them lifetime savings cons- tituted a small fract- ion of total wealth.; [52:22.08]Carefully saving money and investing in normal equilibrium situations can make; [52:28.00]one comfortable in old age but never really wealthy.; [52:31.77]In what has come to be seen as the information revolution,; [52:35.76]opportunities arising from new and high technology are creating fortunes; [52:41.47]faster than ever before.; [52:43.44]The United States has created more billionaires; [52:46.55]in the past fifteen years than in its previous history.; [52:50.50]Rule 2: Sometimes successful businesses have to cannibalize themselves; [52:57.25]to save themselves. Business must be willing to destroy the old; [53:02.39]while it is still successful if they wish to build the new; [53:06.11]that will become successful. If they don't destroy themselves,; [53:10.85]others will destroy them.; [53:12.65]Disequilibrium means great threats as well as great opportunities.; [53:18.18]Of what were the twelve largest American companies; [53:21.64]at the beginning of the twentieth century,; [53:23.61]eleven were not around to see the beginning the twenty-first century.; [53:28.61]Technological breakthroughs occur, the economic environment changes,; [53:33.88]and they could not adjust.; [53:36.16]For example, when the microprocessor allowed the personal computer; [53:41.29]to replace the mainfr- ame as the dominant growth market in the computer industry,; [53:46.46]the old industrial leader, IBM, fell off a cliff, and new leaders,; [53:51.95]Intel and Microsoft emerged.; [53:54.62]IBM understood the new technology and wanted to compete; [53:59.09]but could not destroy its old business to build the new.; [54:03.83]Rule 3: Taking advantage of sociological disequilibria; [54:09.01]and developmental disequilibria.; [54:11.99]Entrepreneurs see sociological opportunities to change human habits.; [54:17.56]The cruise industry took advantage of a shift in demographics:; [54:22.29]the relative purchasing power of the elderly had doubled in two decades; [54:27.03]Cruises,known at least since the days of Cleopatra,; [54:31.64]became the perfect vacation for the elderly: We move you; you don't have to move; [54:37.73]Some owners of cruise lines have become billionaires; [54:41.59]by exploiting sociological disequilibria.; [54:45.54]Rule 4: A successful knowledge-based economy requires large public investments; [54:52.60]in education, infrastructure, and research and development.; [54:56.90]Some countries are willing to invest in research and developm- ent; others are not.; [55:02.56]For countries or companies technologic- al leadership is not the same thing; [55:07.42]as R&D spending.Europe spends its share on research,; [55:11.90]but if one looks at technological leadership,; [55:14.71]that spending does not seem to be paying off. To pay off, obviously,; [55:20.10]research has to be followed by the activities necessary; [55:24.00]to embed the newly developed technologies in the economy.; [55:28.13]America outclasses Europe not so much in R&D spending on infor- mation technology,; [55:33.87]for example, as in investments in information hardware and software.; [55:38.52]Rates of return on R&D spending are far above those found elsewhere in the economy.; [55:45.06]Government now pays for about 30 percent of total R&D in the country,; [55:50.49]but with a 66 percent rate of return.; [55:53.48]Private returns are apt to be much more certain; [55:57.03]if one is looking for an extension of existing knowledge rather; [56:00.32]than for a major breakthrough;thus many private firms; [56:05.23]tend to concentrate their money on the developmental end of the R&D process.; [56:11.19]Time lags are also shorter, and in the business world speed is everything.; [56:16.94]Rule 5: The biggest unknown for the individual; [56:21.59]in a knowledge-based economy of this information age is how to have a career; [56:26.28]in a system where there are no permanent careers.; [56:30.01]Education has been a high-return as well as a high-risk investment for the individual.; [56:36.46]When new knowledge makes old skills obsolete,; [56:39.92]firms want to employ workers who already have that knowledge.; [56:44.13]In the second half of the 1990s, profitable American companies laid off; [56:49.79]more than half a million workers each year despite the economic boom.; [56:54.48]The old career ladders are gone. The old lifetime employees are gone.; [57:00.75]Explicitly or implicitly, today's college graduates are given a message :; [57:06.41]You are unlikely to have a lifetime career in any one company.; [57:11.46]You are going to have to learn to take responsibility for and manage your own career; [57:17.20]Regular annual wage increases are a thing of the past.; [57:21.37]In a fast-changing world,; [57:23.43]older employees too often bring obsolete experience and out-of-date skills.; [57:29.26]There are always a lot of young potential employees who look more promising.; [57:34.31]To summarize, the information revolution is making obsolete old institutions; [57:40.01]and old modes of operation, requiring the individual, the firm,; [57:45.09]and the nation to change. For the individuals, here are three words of advice:; [57:51.94]knowledge,information, skills. The economic prospects of those without knowledge,; [57:59.26]information and skills are bleak. For the firms, canni-balization.; [58:05.97]That is, a company should deliberately destroy existing profitable activities; [58:11.63]to allow for new and more promising business operations.; [58:15.49]And for the nations, investment.; [58:18.08]A country expecting a sustainable economic growth; [58:21.67]should constantly increase investment in education, infrastructure and R&D;

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